Skip to main content

2024 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

5. A Network Analysis of the Sectoral From-Whom-To-Whom Financial Stock Matrix

verfasst von : Nan Zhang, Yiye Zhang

Erschienen in: Global Flow of Funds Analysis

Verlag: Springer Nature Singapore

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

This study enhances global flow of funds (GFF) statistics for assessing global financial stability at the national and cross-border sectoral levels. The investigation involves scrutinizing data sources and reconstructing the statistical framework to establish the sectoral from-whom-to-whom financial stock matrix (SFSM). The SFSM is constructed using sectoral account data, complemented by international statistics from the Coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey, International Investment Position, and Bank for International Settlements. The SFSM specifically focuses on counterparty national and cross-border exposures of sectors in China, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. It is designed to create country-specific financial networks, interconnecting each country-level network based on cross-border exposures. Analytical results systematically reveal bilateral exposures among the four countries in the GFF, identifying sectoral interlinkages, characteristics of overseas investment, external shocks, and internal influences. Furthermore, this study introduces an eigenvector decomposition to analyze the effects and provided an analytical description of the shock dynamics and propagation process.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Anhänge
Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich
Fußnoten
1
They are (i) build-up of risk in the financial sector, (ii) cross-border financial linkages, (ii) vulnerability of domestic economies to shocks, and (iv) improvement in communication of official statistics.
 
2
OECD. Stat (2021) Dataset: 720. Financial balance sheets, non-consolidated, SNA 2008, https://​stats.​oecd.​org/​.
 
3
These include currency, deposits, loans, undiscounted bankers’ acceptance bills, technical insurance reserves, interfinancial institution accounts, required and excess reserves, bonds, equity and share, security investment fund, central bank loans, foreign direct investment (FDI), changes in reserve assets, and miscellaneous (net). See The People’s Bank of China (2022) Financial Assets and Liabilities Statement (Financial Accounts), http://​www.​pbc.​gov.​cn/​en/​3688247/​3688975/​4280784/​index.​html.
 
5
Table 6: Reported Portfolio Investment Assets by Sector of Holder, and Sector and Economy of Nonresident Issuer for Specified Economies.
 
6
For the calculation method of Table Y refer to Zhang (2020), 108–110.
 
7
To avoid double counting, the claims, that is, loans and deposits of CN to the US in Table A6.2-S banks’’ cross-border positions on residents of CN in the LBS account, are subtracted from the claims of FC by ROW in SFSM (see Table 7).
 
8
CPIS: Table 6, Reported Portfolio Investment Assets by Sector of Holder, and Sector and Economy of Nonresident Issuer for Specified Economies, December 2018.
 
9
This is the arrangement of rows and columns which designed by Stone’s formula (see Chap. 3).
 
10
The ROW sector in the FA is designed from a foreign standpoint, so its assets and liabilities show an opposite relationship when observed from the domestic standpoint, and its assets are the liabilities of the domestic.
 
11
See Table 7–9 of Zhang (2022).
 
12
See Table 7–9 of Zhang (2022).
 
13
As of the end of November 2023, China has not released the FBS data for 2022, so the time series of FBS data for various sectors in China can only be from 2017 to 2021.
 
14
It was Rasmussen (1956) who invented the dispersion indices for the input–output analysis. While the PDI is the mean-normalized column sum, the SDI is the mean-normalized row sum of the Leontief inverse.
 
15
Leontief (1953, 1963).
 
16
Leontief (1941).
 
17
The data for the ROW sector in Table 5.9 refer to the amount of financial assets or liabilities held with other economies (excluding the G4), so the ROW sectors in the G-4 network have a lower EC value.
 
18
The ROW sector here means external investment and financing in addition to G-4.
 
19
Nan Zhang (2022).
 
20
Zhang (2022).
 
21
Eigenvalues, eigenvectors, and shocks in the base of eigenvectors are in general complex numbers if we allow for diffusion matrices that are diagonalizable in the complex plane. This case pertains to economic analysis. When the eigenvalue or eigenvector exhibits a very small imaginary component, considering only the real part of the complex number does not significantly impact the accuracy of prediction. Therefore, this paper exclusively focuses on the real component of the complex number.
 
22
IMF (2016); Carlos Sanchez-Munoz, Artak Harutyunyan, Padma S Hurree Gobin (2022).
 
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Antoun de Almeida, L. (2015). A Network Analysis of Sectoral Accounts: Identifying Sectoral Interlinkages in G-4 Economies. IMF Working Paper WP/15/111, Washington DC. Antoun de Almeida, L. (2015). A Network Analysis of Sectoral Accounts: Identifying Sectoral Interlinkages in G-4 Economies. IMF Working Paper WP/15/111, Washington DC.
Zurück zum Zitat Caccioli, F., Barucca, P.¸& Kobayashi, T. (2018). Network models of financial systemic risk: A review. Journal Computer Social Science, 1, 81–114. Caccioli, F., Barucca, P.¸& Kobayashi, T. (2018). Network models of financial systemic risk: A review. Journal Computer Social Science, 1, 81–114.
Zurück zum Zitat Errico, L., Walton, R., Hierro, A., AbuShanab, H., & Amidžic, G. (2013). global flow of funds: Mapping bilateral geographic flows. Proceedings 59th ISI World Statistics Congress, Hong Kong, 2825–2830. Errico, L., Walton, R., Hierro, A., AbuShanab, H., & Amidžic, G. (2013). global flow of funds: Mapping bilateral geographic flows. Proceedings 59th ISI World Statistics Congress, Hong Kong, 2825–2830.
Zurück zum Zitat Errico, L., Harutyunyan, A., Loukoianova, E., Walton, R., Korniyenko, Y., Amidžić, G., AbuShanab, H., & Shin, H. (2014). Mapping the Shadow Banking System through a Global Flow of Funds Analysis. IMF Working Papers WP/14/10. Errico, L., Harutyunyan, A., Loukoianova, E., Walton, R., Korniyenko, Y., Amidžić, G., AbuShanab, H., & Shin, H. (2014). Mapping the Shadow Banking System through a Global Flow of Funds Analysis. IMF Working Papers WP/14/10.
Zurück zum Zitat European Commission, IMF, OECD, United Nations, World Bank. (2009). System of National Accounts 2008, 217–236. European Commission, IMF, OECD, United Nations, World Bank. (2009). System of National Accounts 2008, 217–236.
Zurück zum Zitat Giron, C., Rodriguez Vives, M., & Matas, A. (2018). Propagation of quantity shocks in who-to-whom networks. Paper prepared for the 35th IARIW General Conference. Giron, C., Rodriguez Vives, M., & Matas, A. (2018). Propagation of quantity shocks in who-to-whom networks. Paper prepared for the 35th IARIW General Conference.
Zurück zum Zitat IMF. (2016). Monetary and Financial Statistics Manual and Compilation Guide, 55–90, IMF, Publication Services, Washington DC. IMF. (2016). Monetary and Financial Statistics Manual and Compilation Guide, 55–90, IMF, Publication Services, Washington DC.
Zurück zum Zitat IMF. (2023). World Economic Outlook Database, April 2023. IMF. (2023). World Economic Outlook Database, April 2023.
Zurück zum Zitat Input-output economics. Oxford University Press. Input-output economics. Oxford University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Klein, L. R. (1983). Lectures in econometrics (pp. 1–46). North-Holland. Klein, L. R. (1983). Lectures in econometrics (pp. 1–46). North-Holland.
Zurück zum Zitat Leontief, W. (1941). The structure of American economy, 1919–1939. Oxford University Press. Leontief, W. (1941). The structure of American economy, 1919–1939. Oxford University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Leontief, W. W. (1953). Structural change. In W. Leontief (Ed.), Studies in the Structure of the American Economy (pp. 17–52). Oxford University Press, Chapter 2. Domestic Production and Foreign Trade; The American Capital Position Re-Examined on JSTOR. Leontief, W. W. (1953). Structural change. In W. Leontief (Ed.), Studies in the Structure of the American Economy (pp. 17–52). Oxford University Press, Chapter 2. Domestic Production and Foreign Trade; The American Capital Position Re-Examined on JSTOR.
Zurück zum Zitat Leontief, 1963 Leontief, W. W. (1963). The structure of development. Scientific American, 209(3), 148–166. Leontief, 1963 Leontief, W. W. (1963). The structure of development. Scientific American, 209(3), 148–166.
Zurück zum Zitat Li, Y., & Zhang, Y. J. (2020). China’s National Balance Sheet 2020, China Social Sciences Press. Li, Y., & Zhang, Y. J. (2020). China’s National Balance Sheet 2020, China Social Sciences Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Loriana Pelizzon Newman, M.E.J (2010). Networks: An introduction. Oxford University Press, 169. Loriana Pelizzon Newman, M.E.J (2010). Networks: An introduction. Oxford University Press, 169.
Zurück zum Zitat Meyer, C. (2000). Matrix analysis and applied linear algebra. SIAM, 489–642. Meyer, C. (2000). Matrix analysis and applied linear algebra. SIAM, 489–642.
Zurück zum Zitat Okuma, R (2013). Sectoral Interlinkage in Balance Sheet Approach. IFC Bulletin No. 36. Okuma, R (2013). Sectoral Interlinkage in Balance Sheet Approach. IFC Bulletin No. 36.
Zurück zum Zitat Rasmussen, P. N. (1956). Studies in inter-sectoral relations. EinarHarcks Forlag. Rasmussen, P. N. (1956). Studies in inter-sectoral relations. EinarHarcks Forlag.
Zurück zum Zitat Shrestha, M., Mink, R., & Fassler, S. (2012). An integrated framework for financial positions and flows on a from-whom-to-whom basis: Concepts, status, and prospects. IMF Working Paper WP/12/57 Washington DC. Shrestha, M., Mink, R., & Fassler, S. (2012). An integrated framework for financial positions and flows on a from-whom-to-whom basis: Concepts, status, and prospects. IMF Working Paper WP/12/57 Washington DC.
Zurück zum Zitat Soramäki, K., & Cook, S. (2016). Network theory and financial risk. Risk Books, a Division of Incisive Media Investments Ltd. Soramäki, K., & Cook, S. (2016). Network theory and financial risk. Risk Books, a Division of Incisive Media Investments Ltd.
Zurück zum Zitat Stone, R. (1966). The social accounts from a consumer’s point of view. Review of Income and Wealth, 12, 1–33.MathSciNetCrossRef Stone, R. (1966). The social accounts from a consumer’s point of view. Review of Income and Wealth, 12, 1–33.MathSciNetCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Tsujimura, K., & Tsujimura, M. (2018). A flow of funds analysis of the US quantitative easing. Economic Systems Research, 30, 137–177. Tsujimura, K., & Tsujimura, M. (2018). A flow of funds analysis of the US quantitative easing. Economic Systems Research, 30, 137–177.
Zurück zum Zitat Tsujimura, K., & Mizosita, M. (2002). Flow-of-funds analysis: Fundamental technique and policy evaluation (pp. 32–43). Keio University Press. Tsujimura, K., & Mizosita, M. (2002). Flow-of-funds analysis: Fundamental technique and policy evaluation (pp. 32–43). Keio University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Wei, Y., Li, X., Bu, F., & Zhang, F. (2006). Relative perturbation bounds for the eigenvalues of diagonalizable and singular matrices—Application of perturbation theory for simple invariant subspaces. In Linear Algebra and its Applications, vol. 419 pp. 765–771. Wei, Y., Li, X., Bu, F., & Zhang, F. (2006). Relative perturbation bounds for the eigenvalues of diagonalizable and singular matrices—Application of perturbation theory for simple invariant subspaces. In Linear Algebra and its Applications, vol. 419 pp. 765–771.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang, N. (2015). Measuring global flow of funds and integrating real and FAs: Concepts, Data Sources and Approaches. The IARIW-OECD Special Conference: “W(h)ither the SNA?”. Zhang, N. (2015). Measuring global flow of funds and integrating real and FAs: Concepts, Data Sources and Approaches. The IARIW-OECD Special Conference: “W(h)ither the SNA?”.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang, N. (2016). Measuring global flow of funds: theoretical framework, data sources and approaches, contemporary works in economic sciences: Legal information (pp. 47–60). Economics, OR and Mathematics, Kyushu University Press. Zhang, N. (2016). Measuring global flow of funds: theoretical framework, data sources and approaches, contemporary works in economic sciences: Legal information (pp. 47–60). Economics, OR and Mathematics, Kyushu University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang, N. (2020). Flow of funds analysis: Innovation and development. Springer, 283–321. Zhang, N. (2020). Flow of funds analysis: Innovation and development. Springer, 283–321.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang, N. (2022). (2022) Measuring global flow of funds: Who-to-whom matrix and financial network. Japanese Journal of Statistics and Data Science, 5, 899–942.MathSciNetCrossRef Zhang, N. (2022). (2022) Measuring global flow of funds: Who-to-whom matrix and financial network. Japanese Journal of Statistics and Data Science, 5, 899–942.MathSciNetCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang, N., & Zhao, X. (2019). Measuring global flow of funds: A case study on China, Japan and the United States. Economic Systems Research, 31(1). Zhang, N., & Zhao, X. (2019). Measuring global flow of funds: A case study on China, Japan and the United States. Economic Systems Research, 31(1).
Metadaten
Titel
A Network Analysis of the Sectoral From-Whom-To-Whom Financial Stock Matrix
verfasst von
Nan Zhang
Yiye Zhang
Copyright-Jahr
2024
Verlag
Springer Nature Singapore
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-1029-4_5