Assessment Model of Industry 5.0 Implementation in Small and Medium-Sized Companies in the Metal Sector, Using AHP and Fuzzy Inference Systems

The European Commission published its Industry 5.0 agenda in 2021, giving guidelines for a resilient, sustainable and human-centric European Industry. This study proposes a framework to analyze this concept by linking industrial, human-centric and sustainability objectives, driven by a new wave of disruptive technologies. This model assesses the degree of Implementation of Industry 5.0 (I5.0) in 3 Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the Metal sector of the Principality of Asturias. A conceptual model has been developed that identifies the factors that must be taken into account in the implementation of I5.0 by SMEs through a literature review and consultations with a group of experts in the field. The methodology employed uses, firstly, the Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP), and secondly, a Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) to infer the degree of implementation of any SME in the I5.0 environment. The work focuses on the study of the “Human Factor” dimension of the model designed, showing that the “employee well-being” factor is the most relevant, followed by the “acquisition of skills and competences” and lastly by “Human-Machine Interaction”. Likewise, after designing the FIS, we proceeded to establish the positioning and ranking of a pilot sample of SMEs in the metal sector.