11. Bio-Jetfuel an Alternative to Achieve a Sustainable Aviation Industry. Case Study of Mexico Considering Economic, Environmental and Social Aspects

This chapter focuses on the development of a supply chain for the production of bio-jet fuel via the ATJ route, using agricultural waste from Mexico as the raw material. The objective of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and sustainability of producing biojet-fuel via this route. Economic, environmental, and social aspects were considered as objective functions to evaluate the sustainability of the process. These metrics consist of the maximization of profit, the minimization of environmental impact as measured by the Eco-indicator 99, and the equitable distribution of resources, to evaluate economic, environmental al social aspect respectively. Through comprehensive analysis, it was determined that the optimal design of the supply chain necessitates an annual financial incentive of $485 million to reach the breakeven point. Furthermore, the projected environmental impact is estimated to be 17,502 million points per year. A detailed economic analysis reveals specific areas within the ATJ process that require enhancements to ensure economic viability and cost reduction in alignment with the selling price of conventional biojet fuel. Notably, the pretreatment and sugar conversion to ethanol stages are identified as the primary bottlenecks that affect the economic feasibility of the overall process. These findings provide valuable insights into the essential improvements and cost reductions necessary to establish a sustainable and economically viable biojet-fuel production process. This findings provide valuable information in order implement this technology on an industrial scale and to address some of the goals of the 2030 Agenda, such as objectives 6, 7, 9, 12, and 13.