nach oben

2022 | Buch

Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

Clay Printing

The Fourth Generation Brickwork

verfasst von: Dr. Dennis de Witte

Verlag: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden

Buchreihe : Mechanik, Werkstoffe und Konstruktion im Bauwesen

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Über dieses Buch

The research described in this thesis focuses on the production and use of additive manufactured silicate ceramic (clay) products in construction.
Additive Manufacturing (AM) is a technology that facilitates realising products by selective placement of material in subsequent layers. It is a technology that emerged in the 1980’s and has been adopted by many industries for prototyping and the realisation of special or individualised products, which cannot be made by use of common production processes or benefit economically by the use of AM.
The research shows a broad overview of AM for clay. It describes the evolution of brickmaking, how clay building products can benefit from an AM process, which production process could meet the defined demands regarding the final product, and which characteristics the printed clay products have.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Part I

Frontmatter

Chapter 1. Towards the fourth generation brickwork

Abstract

Additive Manufacturing (AM) is one of the new developments in the building industry. While many building components are highly standardised in form and dimension, AM can provide individualisation of many products.

Dennis de Witte

Chapter 2. Ceramics

Abstract

Clay is a ceramic material, categorised as a silicate ceramic. It is a traditional ceramic and is mainly used in pottery and buildings components. Ceramics in general are used for a wide variety of applications.

Dennis de Witte

Chapter 3. State of the art

Abstract

Brickwork has evolved, especially over the last centuries. Processes were changed to improve the structural performance, but most improvements were driven by energetic performance, making it the main motive to change the bricks design and to rationalise the production processes.

Dennis de Witte

Chapter 4. Research framework

Abstract

The scope of this research is the application of AM for building parts. The application can be structural, but also for aesthetic, free-form purposes. Depending on the material and technology used, different qualities can be produced.

Dennis de Witte

Chapter 5. Additive Manufacturing

Abstract

AM is a production technology that stacks layers of material on top of each other with a layer thickness from 16 μm onwards (Tempelman, E., Shercliff, H., & van Eyben, B.N., 2014, pp. 188-189), making it a production technology that adds layers at a macromolecular level. This selective deposition of material can be realised with a variety of technologies.

Dennis de Witte

Part II

Frontmatter

Chapter 6. Application

Abstract

The state of the art of ceramic building components and the processing methods of basic AM principles have been previously described. In this chapter, the utilisation of AM for silicate ceramic (clay) building components will be shown on the basis of the first design ideas for what AM of clays can be used for within the built environment. The state of the art functions as a base and source of inspiration.

Dennis de Witte

Chapter 7. Definition of process demands

Abstract

This chapter discusses the determining requirements to process clay with an AM process. The printing methodology and technology influence the type and affect the state of the raw material that can be used in the printer.

Dennis de Witte

Chapter 8. Printing method

Abstract

The seven different AM technologies, categorised according to the mechanism the layered materials are placed on top of each other, are described by ISO/ASTM standard 52900. The standard also categorises the different AM production methods available. Of these methods some can be used for ceramics.

Dennis de Witte

Chapter 9. Printing material

Abstract

The type of material mixture used was not the starting point of the development of the AM process; however, the processable type of ceramics is an important factor because the material has a significant influence on the final material properties of the printed part. The material is usually optimised for a production processes. The processes within silicate ceramic (clay) processing are engineered such that a broad spectrum of different mixtures can be used.

Dennis de Witte

Chapter 10. Performance of the first additive manufactured samples

Abstract

In Chapter 6, the design study showed ceramic products that benefit from an AM technology. These products cannot be made with other technologies or there is an economic advantage to print them because the method does not require formwork, for example.

Dennis de Witte

Chapter 11. Printer design

Abstract

The demands formulated in the previous chapters are used to design the robocasting-based printer. The printer consists of the manipulator and peripherals to facilitate the nozzle’s movement, and the extrusion mechanism itself, including the nozzle, which deposits the silicate ceramic (clay). The design of the robocasting AM process for clay materials is divided into the design of the manipulator and the design of the extrusion mechanism.

Dennis de Witte

Chapter 12. Extrusion mechanism

Abstract

The different extrusion mechanisms are compared and the design of an extrusion mechanism for processing silicate ceramic (clay) materials is described in this chapter.

Dennis de Witte

Chapter 13. Realised AM process for bricks

Abstract

The realised design in the initiated 3D Brick project (The development of a 3D printing technology and the associated material technologies for the production of innovative structural ceramic bodies using processed raw materials to prototype function- and shape-optimised special brick formats) during this research, of which the possible extrusion mechanism are described in Chapter 12, is a result of the available budget and engineering time and the stakeholder’s desires. Due to budget constraints and opinions of project partners, some process designs are not objective.

Dennis de Witte

Part III

Frontmatter

Chapter 14. Evolution

Abstract

In the fourth generation of brickwork, the aesthetic appearance plays a significant role. To show the potential of the technology, a brick was designed with a geometry that cannot be extruded and is hard to make using (lost) formwork. The bricks were printed and described in Chapter 10.

Dennis de Witte

Chapter 15. Future vision

Abstract

The possibilities and challenges of AM of silicate ceramics (clay) for the built environment have been discussed. The research shows a broad overview of printing silicate ceramics, but further research needs to be carried out. To improve and derive additional knowledge based on this research, new research can provide information on these subjects.

Dennis de Witte

Backmatter

Titel: Clay Printing
verfasst von: Dr. Dennis de Witte
Verlag: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden
Electronic ISBN: 978-3-658-37161-6
Print ISBN: 978-3-658-37160-9
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-37161-6