Digital Technologies in the New Socio-Economic Reality

The Internet has become essential and unavoidable in modern times. The life of a modern person has moved into online space. Most things we can do online, not leaving our homes, are done on and over the Internet. In this regard, systems began to appear that analyze data about everything, about purchases made, about queries in search engines, about the route of movement, etc. As a result, a weighty array of information and a system that analyzes it appeared. In this paper, the authors tried to answer the question: what Big Data”, where is this system used more often, and what are the problems of its further development. In addition, this paper analyzes the relationship between Big Data and personal data. Also, the authors studied the problems of legal regulation of the ratio of Big Data and personal data. The ways of solving the indicated problems are proposed.

This article examines a new type of crime that was not widely known previously-criminal attacks on Big Data in the digital economy. A definition of the concept of cybercrime is also proposed in the paper. The article examines global criminal law practices of fighting crimes related to the use of Big Data in the digital economy, studied by the author. Typically, such crimes are committed by groups. The main types of criminal activity in the field of IT concern the application and use of Big Data in the digital economy are considered in the study. Detailed statistical data on the considered crimes committed in Russia in the IT sphere are provided. The article examines the features of cybercrimes in Russia and substantiates the need for legislative expansion Chap. 28 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which punishment for digital crimes by introducing new norms into it that regulate liability for group crimes in the application and use of Big Data in the digital economy.

In this study, the concepts of the subject of the crime and information are correlated. The position on the possibility of recognizing information as the subject of a crime is expressed and justified. A list of more than thirty compositions is highlighted, where the subject is information. A proposal is formulated for grouping them according to the interests involved. The signs of information as a subject of criminal law protection are highlighted. The definition of information as the subject of a crime is formulated. Comments are made on the definition of “computer information” contained in the criminal law.

New digital technologies and services are constantly emerging in the world, which simplify production, communications and interpersonal people relationships. At the same time, the legislation simply does not keep up with such a pace of technology development, as a result of which digital innovations sometimes exist for years outside of the legal field. At the moment, the so-called regulatory “sandboxes” are actively used in many foreign countries. Due to the special conditions of the “sandboxes”, business entities that are developing new products and services, as well as representatives of the state authorities, can test them without the risk of violating the existing legislation, and later, if the testing was successful, they can enter the market with them. In the Russian Federation, in the context of the implementation of the national program “Digital Economy of the Russian Federation”, one of the urgent tasks is the accelerated development of digital innovations and the corresponding legal regulation.

The current issues of training specialists in the field of economic security in accordance with the requirements of the digital economy are revealed in the article. The authors conducted the study of university students, divided into two target groups depending on the year of study and education program, for identifying their career expectations and readiness to improve their skills. It is important because of the challenges that have arisen in the context of economic processes digitalization. The most popular areas of digital skills development among students are identified. In addition, important part of article was the study of the competencies list that specialists should have in modern conditions, including in the field of economic security.

There is a tendency in modern society towards a rapid increase of the information role as a factor of production in economic activity, which has become a constant object of economic turnover, especially in the digital space. In this regard, there is a need for a comprehensive legal regulation of relations related to the creation, storage, dissemination and use of information, since the lack of regulation of these aspects leads to various abuses against the rights and legitimate interests of the subjects of this data and other third parties. The article concludes that integral control of the industry including introduction of amendments into the framework legislation governing data turnover, is required.

The present study analyzes the phenomenon of information security and the ways of its potential achievement. Information security is interpreted as an important condition for the sustainable development in the global world. It’s noted in the study that globalization has a significant impact on the information sphere and its functioning. This has both positive and negative consequences for the information security of the humans, states and societies. The problems of information availability and overloading the Network, of digital dividing, hacking and meddling, of cybercrimes, cyber-terrorism and infogenic disasters are also the subjects of consideration. It’s concluded that in the global era the threats of the information security sphere are more numerous than the real results of their technical overcoming. To prevent such an imbalance the international cooperation in the field of the information security must be previously developed.

The relevant character of the subject of research of the legal aspects of commercial use of Big Data is caused by their broad distribution under the influence of the digital technology deployment. Big Data represented in part by personal data are of great commercial interest as they give business an opportunity to make correct management and business decisions on their basis. Big Data circulation needs to take into account the specifics of distributed information, however, there is no special legal regulation in this sphere at the moment. The aim of this article is the study of fundamentals of the legal regulation, use of Big Data technologies for commercial purposes. The tasks of the research are the development of approaches to the legal regulation of the commercial use of Big Data in Russia and foreign countries, an analysis of project laws and singling out the key modern legal regulation tendencies in the indicated sphere.

The article explores the latest legal acts in the field of legal relations regulation using digital innovations. The concept of the term “digital innovation” is analyzed, it is emphasized that its scope is practically unlimited. Attention is drawn to the objective need and statutory possibility of introducing a pilot legal regime and applying special regulation for a certain group of persons and in a certain territory for a particular period of time, due to the absence of general binding rules, requirements and standards. The author relates the concept and basic rules of establishing an experimental legal regime and a legal experiment, and identifies different goals, grounds and procedure for establishing.

In the presented article, the authors investigate the issue of the role and significance in the application of technologies for processing large data arrays using Big Data in the development of the pharmaceutical industry. Taking into account all the complexity and knowledge-intensiveness of the process of developing and launching a new drug on the market, the introduction of new approaches to the collection of additional information can significantly facilitate and simplify this procedure. It is also important that the use of Big Data technologies in pharmaceuticals significantly reduces the cost of the development process and minimizes possible risks associated with human health. In this regard, the relevance of the application of Big Data technology in the pharmaceutical business today is extremely relevant, since both manufacturing companies and consumers benefit. Within the framework of this work, the authors set the goal to analyze the main areas of the pharmaceutical business, the use of Big Data technology in which today is the most in demand.

Digital technologies do not change the fundamental values, rights and freedoms enshrined in the basic law of the modern state. However, new technological challenges require the affirmation and clarification of fundamental rights in relation to new technologies. Numerous problems of digital environment are associated with ensuring the protection of personal data, which is due to insufficient legal regulation. The article deals with some new legal aspects on the personal data protection issues in the Russian Federation, the Republic of Belarus and the Republic of Kazakhstan. It is concluded that the legislation of the three countries develops in different ways and with different degree of development of the issue of personal data protection. There is no doubt in Russian Federation about the right to use personal data, including images, from open sources, such as social networks. The paper concludes that maintaining registers of personal data operators is an outdated practice, since in modern conditions almost all legal entities and individual entrepreneurs process personal data to some extent in the course of their activities.

The article studies the problems of the legality of the use of sanctional mechanisms in the Internet. Currently, the regulation of digital platforms is the main focus of legal policy in many developing countries. Thus, there are three main directions for strengthening the legal regulation of Internet platforms: firstly, the change in the regulation of online platforms and the formation of uniform rules on the territory of the European Union, which contributes to increasing the competitive ability in this area; secondly, the strengthening of control over contents that incites hostility and hatred on the Internet, and thirdly, the development of a single bill in the field of confidential data. It is concluded that the application of sanctions is the most important regulator of information relations in the Internet. The use of higher fines effectively affects the behavior of participants in legal relations. However, the size of the fine should be supported by enforcement processes—for example, representative localization requirements.

The study is devoted to the application of Big Data theory and practice in the social and labor relations. The author identifies the problem of processing of a person's Big Data with the legal use of personal information for making management decisions. The article analyzes the Russian legislation and its development trends with international practice of worker’s protection in the processing information of a specific person. The author expresses the position on the need to apply the protecting employee’s procedure from the unlawful using Big Data established to protect personal data, that is, focusing on the purpose of processing and the need to obtain the consent of the data carrier for such processing.

The article discusses the prospects and problems of using Big Data by Russian companies. In the conditions of the initial development of the Big Data market in the Russian Federation, it is important to adapt business management technologies to the use of large amounts of information. In order to monitor the current situation, 15 financial specialists involved in the work of small, medium and large businesses using Big Data processing and analysis technologies were interviewed. Meanwhile, the interviewees admit that under the influence of information innovations, there are wide opportunities for using Big Data to solve predictive analytics problems, build flexible management reports, form an informed opinion about the need to create reserves and other estimates, obtain information about events after the reporting date, and collect and link integrated reporting data. It is concluded that the systematic use of Big Data becomes the basis for companies to make the transition to a qualitatively new level of management of all business processes and poses new challenges for specialists to constantly apply interdisciplinary approaches when solving specialized professional tasks.

This article studies the possibilities of supranational regulation of relations arising from the conclusion and execution of smart contracts. Due to the specifics of the emerging legal relations, conflict of laws is not always able to act as a good regulator and solve the problem of applicable law. The idea of the impossibility of regulating cyberspace by classical legal means in favor of the use of special computer codes and mathematical algorithms is put forward. In this case, separate parts of the lex mercatoria as an autonomous system of non-state regulatory norms, namely, lex electronica and lex infomatica, could be a more appropriate legal instrument.

The author reviews how legal policy on Big Data works and raises certain concerns on its application and use. The study covers methodology of Russian legal policy and legal policies of foreign countries and contains discussion on a universal legal policy on Big Data. It also discusses the issues of personal data and big data coherent relationship. The author concludes that Big Data must be considered and regulated as personal data. The author also presents reasons in favor of regulating Big Data separately.

The relevance of the analyzed issues is due to the incompleteness of legal regulation by the domestic legislator of both Big Data and the conditions for its use. One of the goals of the study is to define the concept of Big Data in an extremely wide range of approaches: from the non-recognition of Big Data as a legal term to their characterization as a complex property complex. The author's definition of Big Data is suggested. The features of Big Data and their common features with other modern objects of information law are revealed. An attempt is made to distinguish information and Big Data. The problem of ensuring the state's public and private interests in the process of using Big Data is considered: from national security to the protection of personal data. The article discusses the need to reward Internet users who generate large amounts of information, the indicators of which are second only to the amount of information received from the Internet of things (IoT). This article may be useful for specialists in the field of law and economics.

In a broad sense, the idea of tokenization of rights has an even longer history than the history of the existence of cryptocurrencies. Nevertheless, it has not yet been properly implemented either in theory or in practice. The influx in the popularity of NFT, which occurred in February 2021, pointed to the significant financial relevance of the tokenization of rights, but also raised a number of acute issues for the global legal community regarding the proper executing of transactions with NFT. First of all, the representation of the public and non-legal experts about the functions that a full-fledged NFT should have, deserves an assessment from a legal point of view. In addition, it remains unclear what legal institution can be used to ensure the unity of the token and the rights subject to it when disposing of the token. It also requires clarification of what may be the subject asset for the NFT. This study is devoted to the attempt of theoretical and legal understanding of the NFT phenomenon and the assessment of the prospects for the implementation of this concept in Russian law.

The article defines the concept of financial activity of an economic entity, revealing its essential characteristics. The authors applied a methodology for assessing financial performance based on the determination of quantitative indicators (capital structure, financial stability, profitability), and concluded that the capital structure is irrational. As a conclusion, the need to supplement the assessment toolkit with a number of qualitative indicators, from different sides, characterizing the activities of an economic entity, as well as the development of a software product that allows real-time monitoring of financial activities within a region or industry, was determined.

The article analyzes the characteristics and scale of platform employment in Russia and the world on the basis of surveys and research by international organizations. The authors have systematized and summarized the opportunities, risks and consequences of this type of employment for different actors of the labor market. Recommendations are proposed for solving the problem of the volatility of platform employment in Russia, taking into account the fact that its scale will grow over time. It was revealed that this area requires the development of regulatory methods, legislative initiatives and new solutions aimed at implementation of its advantages and limiting of threats. Platform employment policy should be an integral part of overall employment policy, and platform workers should have the right to decent work, social guarantees and recognition of their status as “employees”.

Main problems of the public goods production in the modern context are examined. The specific features of the patronized goods are analyzed in detail. The dependence of their production on government intervention is shown. The transformation of ideas about public good caused by changes in socio-economic environment, namely by the foundations of the digital paradigm of development formation is shown. The spread of network forms of economic entities coordination changes the idea of forms of the public goods providing while their essence and content remain unchanged. Digital forms of public goods distribution, especially of public services, are becoming more important. The development of network relations, including the process of production and distribution of public goods, increases the transparency of the services provided, as well as increases sizes of their provision.

The paper examines the participation of the Hungarian regions in the European Union cross-border cooperation within the framework of the INTERREG flagship co-financing programmes and the macro-regional strategies for the cross-border, transnational and interregional cooperation. The study was based on raw data and their analytical compilations from the database keep.eu. The study concludes that, in the context of global transformations, border areas should be subject to supranational and national regional policies implemented by programme instruments, a proactive mechanism of their use for the harmonious socio-economic development of a country or a group of countries.

The article deals with payment system of the Bank of Russia and its evolution for implementation budgetary and monetary policy. The interaction of economic actors in the digital environment is concerned. Likewise, the system of treasury payment and its transformation is revealed. The article analyzes the process of improving the technologies and managing the liquidity. The paper touches upon the issue of the centralization process of financial capacity of banks. The interaction of participants in the national payments in the digital environment for efficiency of the payment turnover is estimated. Constant changes in the financial sphere are accompanied by adaptation particular components of national payment system. In conclusion, authors point out that expanding possibility of participants in the financial market and solving the issues of ensuring financial stability.

Digitalization has changed retail trade. Online channels that have appeared on the gas station market in the last decade have become the basis for the digitalization of the industry. The article defines the factors of online channels development in retail and their features, justifies their applicability to the context of contactless refueling in fuel retail. The use of factors of online channels development in retail to online channels at gas stations as a research method is justified. The possibilities of future studies of the online sales channel at gas stations in terms of customer behavior and customer experience are identified. The analysis of available data on the status of the introduction of contactless refueling in Russian companies, on the US and European markets, and the business models used. Based on the factors of online channels development in retail trade and data on Russian and foreign experience, the factors of development of contactless refueling in Russia are formulated. In conclusion, findings and recommendations for further studies are presented.

The relevance of this article is justified by the authors due to the importance of digitalization of the educational process in the modern world. Digital platforms take a significant position in the issues of digitalization not only in the educational environment, but also in many other areas of human activity. Therefore, it was decided to analyze the main advantages and disadvantages of using digital educational platforms. The purpose of the article is to study the classification of existing digital educational platforms and reflect their advantages and disadvantages. The study uses classical general scientific research methods: analysis and synthesis of information; comparison; grouping and generalization. The authors suggest three classification features of digital educational platforms. It is concluded that digital educational platforms have their advantages and disadvantages, while only what is more important for a particular person remains significant.

Expectations of an early recovery in business activity have not yet been met, and the border territories need to review the systems of cross-border interaction in order to better use the potential of the border situation for sustainable social and economic development. Such opportunities are provided by the platform economy. The paper presents the system and arrangements for cross-border cooperation in the digital era. It also presents the model and options of innovative platforms for cross-border interaction. It highlights that the time is coming for the widespread use of digital platforms, and cross-border cooperation is no exception, since it is a good way to convert the potential of a border location into a competitive advantage in the digital paradigm of economic and social development. It shows that cooperation via platforms allow the set-up of a “live” system of resource exchange between stakeholders, such as the state, business and the local community, on both sides of the borders.

The research is devoted to the study of the features of ensuring the regulatory regime of digital innovative products traded on digital exchange platforms. The study shows that the concept of “regime” exists in the legislation of a number of countries, while in most countries this regime is equipped with criminal law mechanisms for bringing to justice. According to the results of the study, the author identifies two key approaches in legal regulation. The first is typical of the countries of continental Europe, the second is more rigid, typical for the United States. Within the framework of the European approach, two already established areas of regime regulation are identified: the first is aimed at regulating digital assets in accordance with the legislation on the securities market, the second is aimed at previously unregulated digital assets, such as stablecoins. A pilot regime is being implemented in the EU to test the new regime. The US approach is based on the US SEC's application of the Howey test. The strengthening of imperative methods in the regulation of illegal manipulative practices on the digital market should be recognized as a distinctive feature of both approaches.

Despite the introduction of digital technologies over the past decades in many countries, including Russia, has acquired the status of a “traditional” direction of development at both the state and corporate levels, the modern stage, characterized by the formation of the so-called digital economy, creates fundamentally new technological and organizational and managerial challenges. At the same time, operational definitions of new key concepts have not yet developed, not to mention a full-fledged regulatory legal framework and regulatory mechanisms, which, of course, hinders the rising of the digital economy and the possibility of realizing the positive effects associated with it.

In 2020, the development of digital technologies and their penetration into the daily life of the population made a great progress. This was facilitated not only by the restrictive measures imposed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, but also by the obvious advantages that digital technologies have: speed, ease of use, and mobility. The high level of competition actualizes the need of constant improvement of not only the product quality, but also the sales process itself. In the presented research, the approaches to digital transformation of the sales process, which is key for the activity of any enterprise, are considered. The survey conducted as part of the study identified potential areas of digital transformation, as well as what cannot be fully automated.

The article discusses the issue of changing approaches in innovative management in the era of digitalization of all spheres of society. The characteristic of the innovation manager is given. The factors necessary for the productive work of the manager in the company are described. The key task of the innovative manager, which consists in the formation of the company's movement vector, the task of key areas of activity with the top team, as well as in competent digital transformation. The scope of application of immersive technologies VR/AR is described, an example of using its “IKEA” company is given. Example is given for remote hiring staff using VR-technologies by “Actiview”. The current trend on the creation of ecosystems, which rely on the program embodiment, is the consequence of digitalization. It was proved that innovative products are created with the participation of innovators who know how to recognize the trend in time, to understand how to introduce it to the workflow and release an innovative product to the market. A model of an innovative manager was developed, which is an “Agile” by an innovator aimed at studying trends and inventions by integral thinking and approach.

The article is focused on the current realities that force governments and societies to turn to digital technologies, responding to the crisis in the short term, eliminating the socio-economic consequences in the medium term, and rethinking existing policies and their tools in the long term. The main goal is to find out last achievements of artificial intelligence, its major breakthrough in basic economic patterns, and parts of its technology and application, using methods of theoretical analysis. To overcome this difficult stage, the majority are forced to use digital services and communication channels in all spheres of life within the world community. Digital technologies have encouraged some economies and societies to avoid complete stagnation during the COVID-19 crisis, as well as allowed them to learn more about the virus, speed up the searching process for a vaccine, and track the pandemic development, but the crisis has also highlighted the dependence on digital technologies and exposed that the digital reality is divided between and within countries. We are at a turning point in digital transformation, and how successfully the population can progress and tackle these gaps will determine the shape of future economies and societies in general after COVID era.

Specially created IT companies are usually involved in development of financial technologies that are successfully applied in the financial sector. Their combination represents the financial technology sector (FinTech). It has been substantiated that FinTech is a direction of the IT industry, which is engaged in development, security of digital transaction technologies and creation of mobile applications that facilitate transactions. It is obvious that the FinTech sector began to develop in Europe much earlier than in Russia. At the moment, the FinTech sector has significantly expanded beyond the boundaries of mobile payments and transfers. The most widely used financial technologies include P2P lending, T-commerce, E-wallets, mPOS acquiring, M-wallets, Bitcoin and others. Moreover, many clients of financial institutions are unwittingly already using most of the above technologies, and in some cases, without realizing the technical component of this financial product.

The article is devoted to the automation of the bond financing scheme in optimizing the capital structure of Russian companies, taking into account the current level of development of the national bond market. The author's iterative scheme of bond financing is formed, which includes the following stages: collection and subsequent regular updating of information about the current capital structure; setting and formalizing goals for optimizing the capital structure; monitoring market opportunities to raise capital; evaluating existing opportunities to optimize the capital structure and making a management decision on their use; attracting bond financing; analyzing the results of attracting bond financing. The analysis of the functional capabilities of ERP-class systems presented on the Russian market allowed us to conclude that it is possible to automate four of the six stages of the developed scheme for optimizing the capital structure using bond financing.

The author analyzed the software market of warehouse automation systems and its main trends. The advantages and disadvantages of automation in warehouse business processes under current conditions were revealed. The main issues of WMS implementation (Warehouse Management System) in order to automate the warehouse activities of national companies were considered. The author suggested the means that would be able to solve the problems. The ways of implementation of modern warehouse automation systems in the Russian market were studied. The most important performance capabilities of modern WMS were described in an integrated manner, as well as the costs associated with the implementation of the warehouse automation project were structured. The cost advantage from WMS implementation was determined.

The article views the specifics of the wholesaler's marketing solutions aimed at satisfying the needs of consumers. The role of interaction with clients for the formation of range and the implementation of profitable wholesale and intermediary activities are shown. The potential of CRM systems for improving the quality of interaction of a wholesale company with customers is revealed. A comparative analysis of the functionality of various CRM systems is carried out. The activities of a wholesale intermediary company aimed at achieving business goals are investigated and the need for the implementation of the Bitrix-24 CRM system is identified. The calculations of the project justification and the payback period are presented. Methodological approach to evaluating the purchase of the Bitrix-24 CRM system is formulated and recommendations are given for improving the procedures of interaction between the seller and the buyer during the price negotiations process.

The global crisis caused by the spread of COVID-19, the consequences of which could not hurt business entities operating in the Samara region and satisfying the needs of its inhabitants and organizations. Managers, acting as agents of change in companies, are often forced to make decisions in conditions of uncertainty. And the current process of digital transformation of society cannot but be accompanied by an increase in the degree of uncertainty in the external environment of business entities. Therefore, it becomes relevant to assess the readiness of future managers to change in conditions of uncertainty, as well as to highlight behaviors and responses characteristic of them in such situations.

The paper deals with the role of digitalization in the development of Russian agribusiness industry. The authors of the paper studied the level of digitalization in the agribusiness industry of the Russian Federation. The paper presents an assessment of the digital technologies implementation in the national agricultural industry. The authors analyzed the digitalization experience of the Russian Federation entities in the agricultural sector. They also examined the introduction of information and innovative technologies by particular agri-industrial companies in the country. The authors of the paper believe that a merger of all digital services of agri-industrial enterprises into an integrated digital platform for managing all the key processes may become a prospective process in the near future. Agri-industrial producers will use more science-intensive digital technologies in the domain of big data, artificial intelligence, Internet of things, robotics, including integrated digital technologies such as “Smart Land Management”, “Smart Farm”, “Smart Garden”, and others.

The article is devoted to artificial intelligence technologies in the field of taxation, which are used by participants of tax relations, in particular tax consultants and experts in the field of economics and finance. Digital technologies became particularly relevant with the digitalization of tax administration processes in the world and in Russia. In particular, the Federal Tax Service of the Russian Federation provides more than 50 interactive services. This article reviews some trends in the artificial intelligence development and its application in the Russian tax system. Tax consultants and experts follow modern trends and use automated programs and products of tax authorities in their work, as communication between tax authorities and taxpayers is often built through electronic document flow. This requires the presence of special competencies in the field of digital technologies from all participants in tax relations. The article describes the main problems faced by tax consultants, experts and consumers of their services in the conditions of the global digitalization of the economy.

This article is devoted to modern trends related to the improvement of the banking branch of the Russian Federation. These include, first of all, actively introducing digital technologies, which have recently become a prerequisite for ensuring the sustainability of many sectors of the economy, including modern monetary institutions. The author analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of the result of this process, and also details the properties of financial technologies as the most important elements of the digitalization process. The role of this element in the system and the level of its relationship with various banks are evaluated. The recommendations developed during the study on improving the activities of banks, increasing their efficiency in reply to the new needs of public, and, therefore, new technologies provide an opportunity to better determine priorities and build directions for the development of the banking system during the economic decline and the increase in economic and political risks.

The main idea of the article is to characterize the process of implementing digital technologies in the activities of insurance companies. The main attention is paid to the prospects for the development of digital technologies in the insurance industry. The study was empirical and was based on the analysis of two groups of indicators: digitalization and insurance. Digitalization of the national insurance industry is manifested in the formation of the technological process of digital insurance, which determines the ratio of competing parties on the Russian insurance market. It is concluded that the model being formed is a new technological trend in the classical behavior of policyholders, due to the heuristic choice of insurance services based on the use of digital technologies.

Construction as a sphere of the national economy is characterized by a wide range of consumed material and technical resources and high material intensity of construction products. The construction industry is a backbone industry. It works with more than 70 industries that provide it with various raw materials. More than half of all construction materials produced in the industry are supplied to the construction industry. All this increases the role of logistics as the main tool for the rational organization of material flows and resource savings. After all, logistics is the rational management of material flow and its associated flows. Construction is quite material-intensive. And today, the issue of optimizing and rationalizing the costs of the enterprise is very urgent. Today, digital technologies, new logistics systems and innovations can come to the rescue.

It examines the latest regulatory legal acts in the field of regulation of legal relations using artificial intelligence. Concepts of safety of goods, works and services, and associated risks when using artificial intelligence are analyzed. The approach of foreign researchers is being studied about three models of criminal liability in case of harm to artificial intelligence, which were developed at the dawn of active development of the sphere, but still remain relevant. The possibility of using joint responsibility when using artificial intelligence in medical technologies is substantiated. The author proposes to equate artificial intelligence with legal entities within the framework of domestic legislation, which allows him to be brought to certain types of legal responsibility.

The article raises the problem of the impact of digital technologies on approaches to the country's economic security. Key trends are shown, including intelligent systems, multidimensional perception, high-quality images, 5G technologies, convergence of security systems and digital transformation of business, and the area of their application is given. The strategy of economic security in regions with planning peculiarities is presented. The measures to ensure the protection of information security are described, which formed the basis for changing approaches to economic security. It shows how companies began to rethink their business strategies and where they began to pay more attention in the digital race. A system of measures to ensure information security of the Russian Federation in the field of domestic policy is presented. Measures are described to ensure the technological independence and safety of the data processing infrastructure. The importance of assessing cyber threats and hacker attacks in the era of digitalization is indicated. The statistical summary is given by the level of the fight against cybercrime in Russia.

During the pandemic, all industries were forced to increase the digitalization of not only production, but also the sales process. This requires an increase in the amount of financial resources. This article provides an overview of the state of conditions for financing the automotive industry in Russia. The review concerned three major car manufacturers in the Russian Federation: PJSC “KAMAZ”, JSC “AVTOVAZ”, PJSC “Sollers”. Based on the research of the companies’ financial activities, the ways to improve their efficiency were identified. Digitalization of sales is proposed as one of the ways to strengthen the financial position of companies. Taking into account the suggested measures of digitalization, the coefficients of financial stability of the studied organizations are predicted.

The paper deals with the digital technologies implementation in the companies’ activity, including transport enterprises. The authors pay attention to the fact that the processes of digitalization and digital transformation are necessary, and they contribute to achieving competitive advantages, reducing operating costs, improving business processes, developing customer services, and meeting customer needs at a higher level. The digital technologies implementation contributes to developing innovative business models and improving the company’s efficiency. The digital transformation of the transport industry leads to improving the service quality (safety, reliability, timing, and availability) and has a positive impact on the economic efficiency as a whole. The authors developed a modified method for measuring the service quality of passenger transport and defined an integral indicator of the quality based on economic and mathematical modeling methods. The approach makes it possible to ensure consistency and complexity of the digitalization and digital transformation processes. The authors distinguished the positive effects of the digital transformation both for manufacturing enterprises and consumers.

This article focuses on identifying and analyzing the challenges and risks related to the introduction of the digital economy in the present-day world. The relevance of the work is caused by the rapid progress of information technologies and their transformation into a significant and integral part of the development of modern civilization. The objectives of our study are to identify the main challenges and risks posed by the digital economy. The work is based on an interdisciplinary approach, using methods of comparative analysis, systemic and typological approaches, as well as sociological, predictive and dialectical methods. The study highlights the major achievements at the current stage of the development of the digital economy. But like any significant and large-scale process, the development and improvement of the digital economy creates a variety of problems related to the spheres of economics, sociology, politics and psychology. The highlighted challenges and risks are in many cases important both for the modern stage of development and for the immediate future of the entire world community. In our work we try not only to highlight the main problems, but also to assess their danger and possible impact on humanity and the post-industrial period of its development.

This article deals with the actual problem of informatization of the tax system. The authors considered approaches to the digitalization of taxation in modern society, as well as conducted a comparative analysis of these systems and approaches. In addition, the study conducted a survey among potential users of these systems, namely individuals who are citizens of the Russian Federation. By scientific processing of the data obtained, an assessment of the effectiveness of these systems in taxation in modern conditions was made and recommendations were developed for improving the tax system in the context of informatization and digitalization of the processes of implementing activities in this area. To achieve the results obtained, the theoretical and legal framework for the application of these systems and databases in the modern economy was also analyzed, during which the feasibility of these changes in the future was revealed. The conclusions have practical significance and are important for all parties involved in the tax system.

The article discusses the importance of the introduction of digital technologies in the construction industry. This topic is relevant in connection with the increase in standards for residential and non-residential construction in the near future. At the moment, not all construction companies are ready to work with such productivity, so the question arises about the need to optimize their activities through the introduction of digital technologies. The purpose of the study is to study modern digital technologies used in construction, and to determine the most promising ones for the Russian reality. Using general theoretical methods of cognition and open information sources, digital technologies used in the Russian construction industry were considered; the experience of other countries was shown; the most promising areas for implementation on the Russian market were identified. Based on the analysis of domestic and foreign literature, conclusions are drawn about the importance of measures for the introduction of digital technologies in the construction industry.

The use of innovations, including digital technologies, is the main condition to provide for promotion of competitiveness under conditions of global challenges and threats. Russian agribusiness industry demonstrates a steady growth in production volumes and dynamic digitalization. The author aims to determine the features, problems and prospects of digital farming based on the analysis of the current innovation and digitalization processes in the agribusiness of the Russian Federation. Due to the methods of theoretical and economics and statistics analysis, it was revealed that despite some positive trends, Russian agricultural industry is characterized by a low level of innovation activity and a limited distribution of digital technologies, since they are more widely implemented in large agricultural enterprises and holdings. At the same time, the socio-economic conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic have become a powerful incentive for all manufacturers to introduce elements of digitalization in food production and marketing processes. The analysis of the domestic and global experience on digital innovations allowed the author to identify promising areas that contribute to provide all commercial farm units in the agribusiness industry with digital technologies, stimulate digitalization processes and increase the efficiency and environmental friendliness of the agricultural sector of economy.

This paper investigates issues on the formation and operation of a management control system of a commercial organization in the digital economy on the basis of integrated digital information. The essence of the modern management control system of a commercial organization is revealed. The stages of creating an integrated digital information space in the economy of a commercial organization are defined: statutory regulation, personnel and education, information infrastructure, information security. The directions of digital informatization of management control system are suggested, which include the digitalization of the following subsystems: planning and forecasting, management organization, control and accounting.

Currently, thanks to information technologies (IT), civil turnover has significantly accelerated, users conclude agreements in a fast and convenient format. However, the emergence of new technologies, software and services on the internet takes them beyond the generally accepted and generally applicable contractual structures, such as a licence contract, a service contract, and others. There are questions related to the subject of the contract—a product, a service, or is it a special new subject? The development of information technologies and, accordingly, the expansion of the digital economy changes the perception of the contract, along with the legal nature of contracts for the use of services on the internet, and new aspects related to the process of its approval appear. There may be difficulties with user authentication, and therefore with the validity of agreements concluded on the internet, since in some cases the user’s authentication may be “forged”, and as a result, the agreement will be concluded by another person. This study provides a brief comparative legal analysis of issues related to agreements on the use of software on the internet based on the experience of the United States, the EU and other countries.

The article considers the possibility of using a program-targeted approach to radically change the business system of an enterprise based on digital reengineering of business processes. In order to justify a program-oriented approach to innovative change in business processes of an enterprise, the basic concepts of business processes improving and reengineering are analyzed, with the emphasis on the features of digital reengineering. The article substantiates the concept of digital reengineering, which expands the classical concept of business process reengineering. Based on the program-targeted approach, it becomes possible to reasonably form an appropriate comprehensive program for digital reengineering of enterprise business processes. It is shown that the implementation of the program of digital reengineering of business processes of the enterprise is linked to the strategic goals of its development and is decomposed into key intra-program projects covering the main areas of activity of this business. The basic structural and logical schemes of the formation and implementation of the digital reengineering of enterprise business processes program, considered as real tools for implementing innovative business transformations, are presented.

The article investigates information technology competencies in terms of modern market demands. The need for multi-skilled specialists increases every year, while the need for highly profiled specialists not only does not grow, but has a downward trend. The authors believe that the professional training of multi-skilled specialists must have a multidisciplinary educational base with a wide range of competencies. For this a digital model for creating a multidisciplinary educational base for training a multi-skilled specialist is being developed in this article. It creates a great variety of consistent educational paths for training multi-skilled specialists and allows to pick the best ones according to the criteria of cost, efficiency or complexity.

The article addresses improvement of company accounting in terms of digitalization. Transition to digital formats has the greatest impact on the company’s accounting system. The objective of the article is to expand and elaborate provisions on development of an accounting system’s potential in terms of digital strategies of economic entities. Various aspects of an accounting system’s functioning were subjected to a sequential analysis, including structural and functional, procedural and methodical, information and instrumental, as well as communicative and subjective aspects. Essential characteristics of accounting processes transformation influenced by digital technologies were reflected in terms of each aspect. As a result, the article establishes a number of provisions reflecting the opportunities and restrictions of an accounting system in terms of digitalization.

The article is devoted to the current problems of the development of domestic machine-building, considering the development of the digital economy. The article identifies the problems of modernization of the material and technical base of the enterprises of the machine-building complex of Russia. The necessity of modernization of the material and technical base of enterprises with the use of modern technologies is indicated. Factors hindering the development of machine-building and machine-tool enterprises are indicated. The prospects for the development of enterprises are noted. The article pays special attention to the prospects for the development of industrial enterprises in the context of digital transformation. The article substantiates the significant role of industrial production modernization as a new innovative approach to the development of machine-building enterprises. The practical implementation of modernization measures will help to increase the competitiveness of enterprises and increase their investment attractiveness.

Digital Twins or Digital Doubles are electronic copies of real-life assets of the company. It mirrors the behavior of the object and states over throughout its life cycle in a virtual space. Digital Doubles are being adopted by increasingly more industries, transforming them and bringing new opportunities. This article focuses on their role in risk management programs in the oil and gas sector. There are 10 basic principles of Digital Twin that can efficiently improve the performance of the company. The implementation of this technology can have a huge influence on how oil and gas enterprises use and manage their huge amount of data and information. The required information is shared among interest parties upon request. The advantages and disadvantages of the imminent digitalization of the industry are determined as well. One of the main befits of Digital Doubles is the promise to bring the industry to new levels of productivity and sustainability.

Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) are very important for Russian economy as they provide possibilities to diversify the economic system. There was a crisis of FDI inflows for several years starting from 2014. Then 2018–2019 showed a slight growth. In general there are many problems that decrease FDI. The danger of low FDI inflows increases under COVID-19 and accelerated digitalization. This danger is linked to the structure of Russian GDP and general instability of economic growth. Few industries including mining and manufacturing play a very big role in Russian economy. The share of these industries in GDP totals 30%. It means that the decrease in these sectors will cause a crisis in other industries including construction and trade. Global FDI decrease is predicted to amount 40 and 16% for developing countries. Russia surely follows the trend. But Russian economy might be hit even worse by the pandemic. The deepest fall will take place in oil production that is part of mining. Production in Russia has already decreased by 8.5%. Perspectives for Russian FDI inflows are vague so far.

In this paper, we consider the trend of changes in the taxation system in modern conditions. The authors analyzed the impact of digitalization on the tax system from the perspective of tax risks. The advantages of carrying out measures on digitalization in the economy were analyzed and summarized, as well as the main problems that in one way or another affected the implementation of the taxation process in modern conditions were identified. The study identified the main directions and trends in improving the system of modern tax management in Russia are considered and the assessment of tax risks in the economy, which are somehow connected with informatization in society. The analysis of these risks was carried out and recommendations were formulated for the further development of tax management, aimed at overcoming the emerging problems.

The article raises topical issues of the introduction of digital technologies at the enterprises of the heat supply and heat supply industry of the Samara region. The object of the study is the leading organization of the investigated sector of the economy represented by PJSC T Plus. The specifics of digital transformation in branches of fuel and energy complex has been studied. Topical issues of strategic purpose of digitalization of the Russian economy and its practical implementation in Samara region are considered. It is noted that the introduction of digital technologies allows to meet the basic needs of end consumers in heat, stimulates the introduction of a culture of energy saving and maintaining the direction of care towards the use of the environment.

The analysis of the reliability of modeling the risk of default by Russian companies on bonds using boolean variables is carried out. When determining the type of Boolean variables, the operations of logical addition and logical multiplication were used, which makes it possible to take into account the ratio of the company’s liabilities and various sources of financing the company’s liabilities, such as sales proceeds, company profits, and current assets. When analyzing the applicability of complex Boolean variables, the Fisher criterion was used. A regression analysis of the effectiveness of modeling the risk of default by Russian companies on bonds has been carried out. From the whole variety of variables reflecting the financial condition of the company, we have identified those variables that can be most accurately used in the study of the risk of default by Russian companies on securities.

The article discusses the possibilities of efficiency improvement of providing services at various levels of logistics services—autonomous logistics (1PL), traditional logistics (2PL), complex logistic outsourcing (3PL), integrated logistics outsourcing (4PL), integrated logistics outsourcing, providing network business services (5PL) by optimizing logistics processes as a result of the introduction of the ultimate technologies of the digital economy, including: quantum technologies, neural network technologies, new production technologies, wireless communication technologies, big data technologies, virtual reality technologies, augmented reality technologies, as well as artificial intelligence technologies, industrial Internet technologies, distributed database technologies (blockchain), robotics technologies, sensor technologies.

Digitalization affects all spheres of human activity. The digital economy is a general term used to describe digital-driven markets. The goal of digital transformation is defined as a complete change in the functioning of the digital economy system. Digitalization of marketing makes brands available to customers exactly when they need it. Marketers need to learn digital marketing tools and technologies as quickly as possible, adapting them for a particular company. Classic marketing helps to systematize all sales processes. The Internet is becoming the dominant marketing tool for companies. Internet marketing contributes to more effective promotion of goods and services, business development. Digital marketing techniques are the actions that are taken when implementing a marketing strategy to achieve goals in the Internet space.

The systematization of various types of marketing loyalty of consumers is carried out. This allows you to plan marketing tools that contribute to the management of complex customer loyalty of organizations. The use of marketing tools to manage the loyalty of the customer base allows you to turn casual and one-time customers into permanent adherents-consumers to the brand and to the company as a whole. Particularly attentive to loyalty management should be those companies that provide various types of services in the market that are difficult to standardize. The introduction of digital technologies for loyalty programs in enterprises is a really profitable, justified and justified step that contributes to increasing and stabilizing the company's own profit.

The economic security of a business entity currently depends on digital technologies that provide competitive advantages to economic entities and affect all the processes of their life. The digitalization of the economy leads to a change in the content and priorities of individual components of economic security, increases the requirements for the organization of appropriate work at enterprises, and makes it necessary to carry out monitoring in order to reduce risks and threats. To assess the level of economic security, a comprehensive approach is suggested, which consists in combining a number of indicators into a single integral indicator that summarizes data on the level of sustainable development of enterprise, which allows to use it both in operational administration and in strategy. The use of private indicators that determine the effective integral indicator makes it possible to identify factors and reserves for strengthening economic security. Based on the conducted studies, the stage of development of an business entity is identified as stable, pre-crisis, crisis and critical.

Since the 1950s, information technology, and later digital technology, has been steadily entering the business environment. The evolution of databases, telecommunications, predictive analytics emerged as the economic value of information was recognized in connection with business success and new management opportunities. Today, the digital transformation of the economy is being discussed increasingly, thus, determining the need to identify the nature of these changes, new market opportunities, and constraints. The article provides an overview of technological trends, which, according to analysts of leading consulting companies, have the strongest impact on both business and marketing. The extent to which digital technologies are used in marketing is assessed, and the digital preferences and expectations of professional marketers are identified. The authors conclude that digitalization processes show a steady upward trend, covering all key marketing functions and influencing changes in consumer behavior through the acquisition of digital habits and new experiences.

The success of any business depends on the ability of team members to work together as a team. The study presents the analysis of conditions of a multi-team development in a large network industrial company, whose branches are in many regions of the country. To do this, the authors analyzed the sequence of the ongoing processes: structuring of the multi-team, the digitalized interaction of the multi-team subjects, the assessment of the organization through digitalization of the multi-team activities. As a result, the development of the multi-team was assessed, opportunities and tools are formulated to increase the efficiency of inter-functional interaction of its members through digitalization. The authors present research methods that make it possible to identify inconsistencies in the work of individual members of a multi-team and eliminate its negative results. A system of indicators has been developed to assess the impact of multi-team work on performance indicators of an industrial network organization. Analysis of the developed system of indicators will allow network organizations to identify problems of inter-functional interaction and develop measures to eliminate them.

The article deals with the flow processes rational organization issues and their service support in the of economy digitalization conditions. Special attention is paid to customer segmenting to provide them with an optimal package of transport and logistics services among the alternatives based on economic and mathematical modeling methods, as well as feedback organizing in order to determine the service satisfaction degree provided to them. To form a transport service rational system in the supply chains, a step-by-step action algorithm was developed and an service quality integral indicator was calculated. The authors state modeling methods usage has become possible allowing consumers to choose a rational set of services from the “price-quality” ratio point of view in the digital innovation era.

Smart communications in the context of the modern digital economy have the significance of its most important gnoseological foundation. But since their formation and development takes place in the conditions of the information society and the post-non-classical system of rational values, the structural content of this foundation is transformed and information becomes dominant in it. This determines to a decisive extent the specifics of the activity of intellectual communications, since the nature of information is not identical to scientific knowledge, and it remains relevant not only when it reflects reliable true knowledge, but also unreliable, falsified or even false. This is due to the fact that information combines the unity of semantic, syntactic and pragmatic aspects of its content. In addition, one of the most noticeable trends in the development of intelligent communications is the growing gap between the reality that we form as a result of the development of the digital economy and the reality of the real world around us.

The article discusses the influence of digital intelligence on the formation and change of the current corporate culture of the organization. The model “Digital Manager” is shown, which relies on the “Digital—IQ” approach. It has been proven that digital transformation interacts with the corporate culture of the organization and becomes a mantra where the company's individuality (branding) is reflected, the “spiritual guideline and program” of the business. It was shown, digital intelligence relies on the most necessary digitalization elements in the era, among which virtual cooperation, media light, transdisciplinary, digital thinking. Key tools of the future are given, which modern management is already applied in practice. The concept of “Digital First” is shown, within which each business is developing as much as possible in the electronic environment. An example of a technological company “Sber” is given, in which a single ecosystem is drawn up with the possibility of building the workflow in digital form, combining the team on a digital innovation platform.

The article deals with the issues of digital cooperation between tax authorities and taxpayers in the context of a closed digital ecosystem. The work of the Federal tax service (FTS) on digitalization, creation of a powerful technological base, and electronic services is aimed at simplifying the economic life of businesses and ordinary citizens. FTS has set a goal to improve the quality of tax literacy of individuals (residents and non-residents) and legal entities, and begun to introduce a customer-oriented approach. FTS More than 50 interactive services are available on the official FTS website. The most popular ones are “Personal account” based on taxpayer category, “Transparent business”, “information from registers”, “Tax calculators”, etc. Many projects are aimed at simplifying the interaction of tax partners. The result of improving the quality of digital cooperation is to focus control and supervisory activities on unscrupulous taxpayers and shadow businesses. Of particular interest are further open plans for FTS activities to ensure the completeness and timeliness of tax payments, to organize and update the database “State information resource of accounting statements”, “Statistical tax reporting”, to create a single consolidated register of arrears in payments to the budget, and much more.

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on consumer behavior and digital marketing transformation. We consider whether consumers will change their habits under the influence of Covid-19 pandemic. We also discuss some potential directions of how digital marketing mix will be modifying due to new consumer experience. The results of the study show that consumer values are changing. Health care, shopping safety and digital interaction are becoming the most significant trends. To succeed in business development, it is necessary to understand whether these trends are reversible.

The authors of the article made an attempt to study the importance of information and communication technologies in the development of economic processes. There is a significant increase in the speed of dissemination of various achievements of the information and communication industry in the activities of organizations and institutions. The authors analyze the dynamics of the development of information and communication technologies at various levels of management of organizations and institutions, identify the industries with the highest rates of development. In this study, it was impossible to avoid the question of the impact of the achievements of the information and communication industry on the lives of ordinary people and society as a whole. As a result, the emergence of new types of threats to information security was noted. The negative and positive consequences of the digitalization of the economy are identified and recommendations are made for improving the areas that affect the effective solution of the problems of economic sectors digitalization and the processes of society's life, which will have an impact on improving the quality of life in general and will help organizations and the country to improve their positions on the market.

The territorial differentiation of the society’s informatization level of in the Russian Federation is assessed economically and statistically in this article. The study applies a combination of various methods as its methodological basis, including nonparametric ranking of interregional differences, the construction of a regions typology, of multidimensional classification, cluster analysis in particular. The study highlights a set of socio-economic factors that determine the level of informatization of the economic system in a region. The results of the analysis indicate that there is a significant differentiation among the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in terms of the informatization development level. More than a third of the entities have a high level of informatization development, which characterizes the rapid spread of information and communication technologies in all spheres of economic and social life in general.

The digital transformation of the economy requires transport to combine the interests of investors, state administrations and sectoral development actors in order to create a reliable transport infrastructure, which can be provided by a strategic support factor. The inclusion of this factor in the model of transport infrastructure projects has enabled to develop a method for harmonizing project objectives with the targets of sectoral, territorial and digital strategies worked out on the basis of the authors’ research used the factor analysis and risk analysis of transport infrastructure, the method to coordinate projects and strategies. According to the authors, the proposed method ensures the coordination of projects with related strategies at the macro-, meso- and micro-levels, shapes a shared vision of project results, implementation scenarios and the role of all stakeholders in the project, as well as the economic development of the Russian subject, horizons for achieving a project’s goals and performance indicators. The outlook for the proposed harmonization method is linked to improvements in the modelling of energy infrastructure projects, communications infrastructure and digital communications.

The article deals with issues related to modern trends in digitalization and their application in the practice of investing from Non-State pension funds (NPF). The situation in NPF market has been analyzed, the questions of possible attraction of population’s savings in NPFs have been considered. Pension market competitive environment change questions have been analyzed and factors that can influence it have been determined: NPF consolidation processes, client service and client interaction competition increase. Nowadays most Russians are not passive citizens; they want to know the ways they can get additional income after retirement. We came to the conclusion that the major pension funds have begun consolidating and this is an ongoing process, major pension funds are more willing to participate in the long-term investment, the level of their social responsibility is growing and they are looking for the new profit sources and for the investment risks diversification improvement. The authors have proposed measures for overcoming the system restrictions. Expansion of permissible instruments for the Funds to allocate pension reserves and invest in the pension savings; insurance reserves allocation requirements improvement in situation of economy digitalization.

This article discusses key innovations in the transformation of the economy. They are based on basic principles, including cybersecurity, transparency, confidentiality, artificial intelligence, cloud computing, advanced robotics, physical and cognitive human development and expanded reality (XR). Methodology is based on augmented analytics or decision support system, on the use of agents, allow to optimize the costs of companies, as they are able to replace such services. The most sought-after characteristics are considered to be based on when building a financial system of economic life. The “Adolus”startup is shown, which provides a secure update process for embedded devices. The advantage of machine learning methods and in-depth analytics is described. The scope of application of principles (trends) in Russia, which are based on the rapid use of voice assistants and intellectual chat bots are shown. The cumulative contribution of the Internet economy and the mobile economy in Russia's GDP is shown.

Today, the concept of creating a “smart city” has become widespread, but ist practical implementation might differ from city to city. The paper presents the content of the “smart city” concept, the author's proposals for the definition of “smart city” are given. It is shown that in some large cities the necessary conditions have already been created for the introduction of some digital economy elements and innovative technologies into the urban space. It has been substantiated that clusters contribute to the creation of innovations for “smart cities”. Examples of real tools for the “smart cities"creation are presented.

This work is devoted to a topic that is currently gaining special relevance in connection with the transition to new levels of technological development associated with the digitalization of society, as well as in the field of legal regulation of public relations. In view of the recent changes, the problem of digital rights protection, as well as the development of technologies and methods of such protection, is becoming significant not only for domestic law, but also in the field of international protection of digital rights. In the current period of digital technologies, legislation should ensure progressive innovative and sustainable development along with the creation and transfer of modern technologies. The use of advanced technical innovations of IT and internet technologies with the advantages of artificial intelligence, cloud technologies and analytical databases can provide a new digital approach to modern legislation.

Informatization of legal proceedings is one of the main directions of development in Russia. Analyzing the possibilities of using artificial intelligence in court proceedings, the authors note the need to introduce video conferencing in order to save federal budget funds. The informatization of legal proceedings in Russia was accelerated by a situation that does not depend on society and the state, namely, the COVID-19 pandemic, which pointed to gaps in the activities of the courts, their insufficient technical equipment, as well as the unwillingness of the current legislation to switch to the online mode, which led to a violation of the rights of citizens to access justice. The introduction of information technologies in the justice process entails both positive and negative aspects, which are described in the work and the conclusion is made about the maximum opportunities for digitalization of legal proceedings in Russia today.

The effective work of any organization is based on the availability and use of human capital. The significance of this factor is increasing every day, and the impact is not only on the activities of the organization, but also on its value. We have analyzed and generalized existing works in which this topic is considered in order to identify theoretical and methodological developments, the use of which will be possible within the framework of our research. The work structured the costs of human capital formation, considered the main methods for assessing the value of human capital, considering various approaches to determining its essence. Using the cost approach, the types of costs for human capital are considered, their economic essence is investigated. For the first time, a complex mathematical model has been proposed that allows calculating the cost of human capital.

The article discusses the problems and prospects of digital marketing development. It takes into account the current trends in market development and the requirements imposed by the new generation of consumers to promote the company, its products and, in general, to the socio-economic development of the company. Today, each individual consumer is considered as an element of a single chain of interaction between the consumer and the manufacturer, taking into account their wishes, capabilities and requirements. The main problem in the digital environment is to create a unique offer and offer it to the market using publicly available digital marketing tools, but at the same time distinguishing it from the competition. Under the current conditions, any competitive company should take into account not only its own capabilities and planned development prospects, but also consider the market environment as a dynamically developing platform for introducing a new, progressive and innovative offer that will be accepted by the market at the proper level.

Global digitalization and the widespread use of information technologies in all areas of modern life it has a direct impact on socio-economic development. The rapid and large-scale transition to digital technologies sets an accelerated pace of transformation of economic processes and leads to the reform of public administration institutions. Digitalization provides ample opportunities for improving efficiency, improving the economy and public administration. At the same time, the introduction of digital technologies poses serious challenges for all subjects of the socio-economic system. Russia is no exception to the world practice: it is a key direction for the steady development of social and economic spheres of life. The Russian Federation is making a widespread transition from analog to digital processes. Referring to the experience of implementing digital technologies in European countries, it can be noted that the countries of the Scandinavian region are the most successful in using information and communication technologies, which is confirmed by the conclusions of research and international ratings. Drawing parallels, we can conclude that it is advisable to transform the accumulated experience and its application in the transition to the digital format in the Russian economy.

This article researches the relationship between modern digital technologies and the system of legal values. The author explores the most important outcomes, the fundamental role of digitalization in public life, its influence over legal values and their on legal regulation of information and technological relations. The potential of information technologies in various spheres of society, from household issues to the business sphere and the sphere of providing public services is overviewed. The author also studies the problem digital security and confidentiality of electronic information on the part of state bodies. The article engages in the discussion on the necessity to develop advanced processes and systems for big data management. The role of trust in the information process as an axiological structure is also determined. The emphasis is made on the need to maintain a balance between private and public principles in the considered relations.

The article analyzes features of digital strategy development at small, medium-sized and large enterprises. An approach is being formed to the definition of the “digital sustainability” and “digital strategy” concepts. The necessity of developing digital strategies at the enterprises of the Russian Federation is justified. The necessity of using new technologies in the modern conditions of the Russian market is studied. The emphasis is on the change in added value in the process of introducing technological changes. The article studies the issues of adjusting the organizational structure of organizations in the process of introducing these changes. The main aspects of financing digitalization at enterprises are analyzed.

To provide the population with open and accessible information is of paramount importance in the context of the global crisis. It is possible to achieve with modern technologies. There is an accelerated digitalization of the economy and the entire society in many areas and, as a result, the economic situation and social life of the population are changing. That process cannot but affect the quality of life. This article reports on the statistical findings of the study on the digitalization impact on the population quality of life in the Russian Federation. An integral indicator of the population quality of life is calculated, the modeling is done. The development of informatization impact on the population quality of life in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation is evaluated. The clustering of the RF regions according to the indicators of informatization that determine the population quality of life is carried out.

In the modern world, relations between countries are becoming increasingly interdependent. In turn, globalization and the processes of further development of economic integration ultimately lead to its gradual unification. The analysis of how the globalization and digitalization processes influence the role transformation of the state aims to attract the attention of scientists to this problem. The author set the following tasks: to study the impact of digital technologies on national and global processes; to identify the specific features of the digital technology development; to analyze whether it is possible to form the digital economy in the international relations context; to determine the role of the state authorities in the digital economy development; to consider some prospects of the state role transformation under the globalization conditions. In the framework of this research, it can be concluded that the introduction of digital technologies is recognized as an essential criterion for economic growth in global scale. The author analyzes the transition from the introduction of some digital technologies to the systematic building of the digital ecosystem within the limits of national and global economics.

This article investigates some modernization issues of the sports industry through the use of digital solutions. The analysis was based on the Strategy for the development of physical culture and sports of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030 and other modern studies on this topic. The sturdy is aimed at the assessment of the role of digital solutions for the sports digitalization. To solve the research tasks, the methods as analysis, synthesis, comparison and extrapolation were used in this work. The information base of the research was the Strategy for the development of physical culture and sports of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030, data from the strategic session “Strategy for the Development of Sports 2020”, research by Deloitte and SQN Agency. The main conclusions are that many of the proposed digital solutions can contribute to the realization of the tasks set in the strategy, and their use and implementation in the sports industry will significantly contribute to its development.

The economy of the twenty-first century is changing in a digital direction. More and more we see the penetration of Internet technologies into the processes of life (companies, people). The more our lives are digitalized, the faster changes occur, new developments appear, and products are introduced. The speed of development of a digitalized modern economy is also influenced by many factors, one of which is the manifestation of favorable and unfavorable events that can lead to the onset of an economic crisis. In a crisis, it is important to quickly adapt and understand what needs to be done to move forward, what technologies to implement in order to be modern and necessary. The consequences for each country will be different, but the restrictions that have been imposed on small, medium and large businesses, as well as on the citizens of each country, can lead the world economy into a state of recession. The crisis of 2020 can increase the spread of digital technologies throughout the world. Based on the analysis of the adverse factors that have occurred and the study of expert opinions to determine the future of the economy, the vector of transformation and development is determined.

The study considers the main provisions of sustainable progress of the country through the factors of development of regions. Using the example of the Samara region, it is shown that digital technologies can significantly affect the economic and social state of the region. Digitalization provides endless opportunities to perfect the efficiency of all folk economic processes, rises the competitive power of the region. The spheres of the economy, where most of digital projects are being implemented in the Samara region, are identified. The study considers specific information systems that improve the excellence of life of the people and help overcome threats to the region’s development, as well as the expected economic effect from the introduction of digital projects.

The authors attempt to analyze some issues concerning the digitalization of municipal management. The author indicates what problems exist in this area at the present time. At the same time, progress has been made in the digital transformation of local authorities. It is utterly important that the “e-municipality” and “smart city” technology are noted. Thanks to modern digital technologies, it has become possible to effectively use large amounts of data, so that it leads to making informed management decisions to optimize the use of all types of resources. The authors appeal that in the current digital era, when modern information technologies have penetrated almost all spheres of life, municipal authorities should introduce all the best technological solutions into their activities, since it is thanks to them that the quality, availability, and clarity of their services will increase the effectiveness of local government.

Currently digital transformation of the economy has been taking place in Russia. The article analyzes the problem of public finance development under that context. The needs of the information society and the improvement of IT technologies should determine the strategic goals of budget planning in our country. The main task of the study is to identify the problems of digital transformation and to find possible solutions to them based on the effective use of public financial resources. For example, domestic IT companies need state financial support to carry out their technological developments. The state is directly interested in this, since at present digital transformation is carried out on the foreign technological platforms. There is an acute need to reform the education system, aimed at training highly qualified specialists in the field of IT. The expansion of the public services range provided to the population also requires state financial support. Thus, there is an obvious necessity to improve the public finance strategy that could meet the requirements of the strategy for the digital economy development in Russia.

With the digitalization of the economy, it becomes crucial for individual investors to correctly assess risks and form their own investment strategies, taking into account all the available information. The media and the Internet can provide an individual with access to diverse information about the issuer and its work conditions. While this allows the transparency of the infrastructure, it also creates a dualistic data perception system. The sanctions imposed by foreign governments have had an ambiguous but still significant impact on the financial and economic situation in the Russian Federation. This article presents the assessment of the impact of the restrictions caused by the foreign policy of the Russian Federation on exchange trading.

The issues of the digital economy in the Russian Federation are getting more and more developed. According to the Harvard Business Review, our country occupies an intermediate position between promising countries and leading countries, which indicates a fairly large potential and desire to develop in this direction. However, digitalization, actively interfering in the management processes, without proper theoretical development, can negatively affect the results of the economic entity in general. The research goal of this paper is to consider the main development trends of financial control in the context of the digitalization.

The article investigates the possibility of interaction and collaboration of relevant stakeholders, dealing with digitalization, education and labor market. The authors analyze ways of improving educational process with the help of innovative technologies and digital facilities. The authors consider building student individual learning tracks with regard to labor market volatility and appearing completely new professions and jobs, which require different skills and competences. The results of two control groups performance were described to determine the effects of on-line and traditional education on academic success.

The passage of time in all spheres of human activity has significantly accelerated—industry is developing rapidly, priorities in the economy are changing, and new requirements are being imposed on science and education. To a large extent, these requirements are implemented by universities, and that means they must restructure their work. The educational process as a dynamic, holistic pedagogical system is subject to constant transformation. This shows the developing properties of the educational process, which characterize the change of the educational paradigm, the introduction of new learning tools and technologies. The digital transformation of vocational education, according to scientists, is the answer to the global information challenges taking place in the world. It should be accompanied by a “synergistic” update of the content. This will improve the quality of education. The authors of this article consider and systematize the directions of digitalization of professional education, determine their impact on the content and results of graduate training, on the relations of participants in the educational environment.

Critical thinking is widely recognized to be the key to high-quality professional education. The previous studies of teaching tools that develop critical thinking searched mostly for traditional reading-discussion activities in a traditional classroom. The article updates the choice of the resources and evaluates mobile applications and online courses used in EFL teaching practice. The research is aimed at analyzing digital options that are essential for language learning as well as for professional growth and cognitive development. The authors scrutinize a number of language massive open online courses, mobile apps, and digital platforms targeted at promoting learners’ critical thinking skills in reading, writing, and interaction. The methods of the research require evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of the examined digital tools. Additionally, some options in the digital assessment of the academic texts features are studied. Finally, the authors provide recommendations on the effective EFL teaching strategies coupled with the essential critical thinking activities in academic contexts.

The article studies the relations of educational standards in the enlarged group of Economics with the recommended professional standards. The assessment of the possibilities of professional requirements unification in the conditions of digitalization and transition to a mixed type of training is carried out. The new format of teaching students, including remotely using digital technologies, requires a more careful selection of training profiles (programs) within each direction. Different approaches to the formation of training profiles are considered, the authors of which argue both “for” and “against” the unification of curriculums. Comparing the types of professional activities within a given training group can help reduce the list of related activities and reduce the administrative costs of training qualified personnel without losing the quality of education.

Digital technologies are changing business education. Over the past few years, the topic of digital transformation has been one of the most relevant in the global business community. A powerful driver of digitalization in 2020 was the pandemic. New economic realities, changing expectations and people’s behavior, new technologies that make it possible to realize the previously impossible-these are the factors that force all industries to rethink their business and use new opportunities for its growth. How should business schools position themselves in this volatile environment? This article is devoted to the main trends that are calling for a revolution in business education. The author concludes that as a result of forced distancing due to the Covid-19 pandemic, there was an irrevocable large-scale transition to mainly online learning and suggests that the model consisting of three phases best reflects the evolution of online learning in business schools.

The study of learningmetry based on the results of testing of university students in e-learning has been implemented. The research was carried out in the Samara State University of Economics in groups of the undergraduate studies of economics in the 2020–2021 academic year based on the results of studying the course “Probability Theory and Mathematical Statistics”. The analysis of data on the reflection of educational experience was built using the learningmetry methodology as a way to measure the effectiveness of student learning and preserve the digital educational footprint. The essence of the new questionnaire, compiled in accordance with the constructed learningmetry methodology, is revealed, the theoretical substantiation of the issues of assessing the motivation and progress of students is given. Also provided are learningmetry tables, calculation and interpretation of learningmetry indices. In addition to the concept of the zone of optimal learning, the concept of a zone of active learning is introduced in case of dissatisfaction with the results of educational activity. Their description, corresponding research results, their interpretation and forecasts are given. The hypothesis about the presence of a direct relationship between motivation and academic performance in the considered samples is confirmed using correlation-regression analysis.

The article is devoted to the analysis and systematization of digital methods (technologies) of training as the most important element in the organization of training corporate systems. In the digital economy, the problems of professional development of human resources based on the use of the latest methods and tools are becoming especially relevant. The article analyzes domestic and foreign research on the organization of corporate personnel training; the approaches to the classification of forms and methods of teaching adult students are studied. Taking into account the trends in the development of digital technologies, an author’s approach to the classification of forms of education is proposed. The characteristics of the methods of digital training of employees according to certain criteria are given. A comparative analysis of the most common digital learning platforms in Russia; their advantages and disadvantages are determined. A brief overview of the Russian market for the development and implementation of digital learning systems is presented. An algorithm for the design and development of a corporate Training Center has been developed as the basis for the development of digital learning and the costs of its creation have been calculated.

In this article some digitally-based techniques aimed at improving the training of translators in higher education are described. The authors show the experience of introducing digital methods into the process of teaching translators in two Russian universities. They identify the most effective ways of creating digital competencies and their varieties and show the stages of their formation. According to the information, based on the review of current translator vacancies on a number of websites and a survey of employers on the GoogleForms platform, the authors draw a conclusion about additional knowledge, skills and abilities in the field of digital technologies required for a translator. The prospects for research and activities in this direction are also set.

The global community has been «taken over» by global digitalization. Businesses have been digitally reshaped by the complex nature of Industry 4.0 technology. Industry and entrepreneurship are transforming business processes. The diffusion of “end-to-end” digital technologies into the global economy also requires a reconsideration of the role and place of humans in this process. In this regard, the article considers a comprehensive understanding of the necessary skills of the digital future, analyzes their various aspects, defines the conceptual apparatus of digital skills development problems. The problems faced by business and the modern education system at different levels of digital skills training are highlighted. Existing and nascent but promising approaches to solving educational problems are summarized and analyzed. The tools of competence forecasting in accordance with the future market conditions, taking into account international factors of change—innovation and technological progress—are considered. The author's position on the formation of the HR model of the near future is formulated.

In this study the authors examine the problems of development of universal and general professional competencies of future lawyers in context of digitalization of legal education. Both traditional forms of teaching classes and forms of synchronous interaction with the use of remote access technologies are considered herein. Authors traced the relationship between a specific form of teaching and those competencies, the formation of which it is aimed at. Traditional forms of teaching are compared, for example, lecture, oral or written survey, testing, business games, debates, etc. with forms using digital technology. It is concluded that the use of the latter contributes to ensuring the accessibility of the learning process and the involvement of students in this process, significantly expands the possibilities of searching and using information to solve the assigned tasks, allows synchronous interaction between the teacher and the student, and operational control of the level of competence formation. At the same time, the idea is expressed that the digital transformation of education does not mean the displacement of traditional full-time forms of education, since the formation of a number of abilities, skills of future lawyers cannot be developed without live human communication.

The article examines the problem of adapting the English language course, taught in universities, following the requirements of the digital format of professional and business education, which emerged in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, causing the need for a remote format of teaching disciplines. An online format of education requires making a foreign language teaching more focused on the needs of a specific group of students using the most effective tasks. The article proposes an option for changing the English language course by identifying the problems experienced by students due to the need to study a foreign language and the subsequent adaptation of the specified problems to the most interesting tasks from the point of students’ view. The gradation of problems and tasks is given by conducting a survey and identifying the most difficult aspects when studying a foreign language. Conclusions are made on the most popular types of tasks.

Individuals and social groups, including generational groups, differ in their level of knowledge of digital technologies and networks. We are talking about the problem of sufficient or insufficient adaptation of representatives of various social and age-generational groups to digital technologies (the problem of adaptability to digital technologies). This problem is becoming more acute as more sophisticated computer programs and tools become available. The older group is very far behind the other groups in terms of computer proficiency; for example, two-fifths of this group admit that they do not know computer technology when forming digital competence among people, it is also important to keep in mind the solution of a broader and more complex task—the formation of a digital culture. Digital culture implies the widespread use of digital technologies in the daily lives of people in general (and at the same time-the necessary and sufficient adaptation to digital technologies), and not only in narrow sectors of educational and work activities. As a kind of program goal—a society with a high and inclusive digital culture.

In this article, the authors investigate the problem of using digital formats in the process of teaching and training specialists in the field of vocational education of the new millennium, and also work out the issues of justifying the need to adapt to the educational processes of business education as one of the forms of implementing the process of training potential entrepreneurs and business leaders. The authors carry out a comparative analysis of the categories of traditional and digital education, in the process of which, a potential standard form of modern education is deduced, including the standards and methods of international standards in the education system. The paper considers the importance of modern soft & hard skills as necessary tools for training a specialist in an educational institution as a separate issue.

The experience of implementing a blended learning system at the Russian university under the Covid-19 pandemic is presented in this paper. Practical steps for integrating two digital tools, namely the Moodle platform and the MS Teams service, into the learning process are described. An algorithm for proctoring the education quality was developed by the university and the digital skills of teachers and students were assessed in the process of adapting to work in the remote synchronous and asynchronous interaction modes. To ensure effective interaction of learning actors within digital mode specific measures are proposed. The implementation of these measures allowed the university to maintain the quality level of the competencies formation that is determined by the federal state educational standard.

The article deals with the problems of translating the educational process into a digital format. The objective necessity and demand for education digitalization has been substantiated. The measures of state support for distance learning during the period of restrictive measures are described, examples of the most accessible digital means of supporting the educational process are given. Considerable attention is paid to the issues of teachers’ readiness to work in remote and mixed formats. The analysis of the teachers’ difficulties in the implementation of an indirect form of educational activity. The forms and methods of training a teacher for remote work are proposed. On the basis of the competence-based approach, the goals and objectives of the educational process are formulated. Structural models of teacher and student competencies are proposed, on the basis of which a methodological system for the formation of subject and general competencies in a digital format should be developed. The conclusion is made about the advisability of improving the competencies of teachers in the field of remote work in a digital format, the subsequent development of the topic in scientific pedagogical research.

The article discusses some aspects of the digital transformation of vocational education in Russia based on a systematic approach. In the context of the formation of a new technological order and the transition to the digital economy, the requirements for the quality, content, infrastructure of vocational education, the organization of the educational process, and the management mechanisms in the system of vocational education have changed significantly. Each educational institution will undergo digital transformation sooner or later, so the choice of direction and development strategy is relevant for each of them. Considering that the development and implementation of the program (concept) of digital transformation in each educational institution is complex, the authors propose a systematic approach to solving this issue. The article substantiates the optimal variant of the practical application of the system approach—the functional system method. The functional system is based on a focused useful result, which is an integral, decisive component and has a central organizing influence on all stages of system formation. The authors formulate a focused useful result that underlies the digital transformation of vocational education and on the basis of which the formation of a new system of vocational education should take place.

The article discusses machine learning methods. Methods are taken as an example, ways to study under observation and training, as well as training with partial attraction of a teacher based on experiments and research. Presented options for the main types of machine learning models for each method. An isolated structure of any machine learning model is analyzed. The main component of the main component is considered, which is a statistical operation on orthogonal transformation, translating observation of variables into a set of main component—values. Dana Library “Scikit-Learn”, in which most machine learning algorithms are implemented. Described by the “Random Forest” algorithm, which is used in “Sberbank” to predict the non-payment and bankruptcies of companies and IP. In conclusion, describes what tasks can be solved depending on the choice of learning.

The article is devoted to consideration of such an issue of personnel management as lean technology in personnel management. Despite a fairly large amount of literature devoted to lean manufacturing technologies, the problem of using lean manufacturing technologies in personnel management remains poorly understood. The article examines the issues of using lean manufacturing technologies in the field of personnel management on the example of using kaizen technology in EkoStroyResurs LLC in Samara. The aim of the study is to improve the electronic document management and distant interview procedure. In the process of work, the methods of SWOT-analysis, development of standard for personnel management were used. The work considered the procedure of personnel management standard, the kaizen criteria on the example of EkoStroyResurs LLC. The author also shows how and what technologies can be introduced in the HR department. The principles of kaizen within the framework of lean manufacturing would be implemented in the formation of electronic document management and distant interviews and the economic efficiency of the proposals was assessed.

The purpose of this work is to show the students’ opinion of different educational formats, digitalization of the higher education. The scientific relevance of this research is determined by the forced transition to the digital training forms during the pandemic and the problems that we faced in this period. The revealed contradictions showed that the education digitalization in the reality is not the same in the state programs and reports. The new, “digital” reality requires not formal, but “life”, “working” instruments of digitalization. The research was conducted in 2021 and involved 5 Russian universities (the Samara Region and the Krasnodar territory). The used research methods are survey, analysis and generalization of theoretical and survey materials.