Emotion, Cognition and Silent Communication: Unsolved Mysteries

The Human Mind: A Fascinating Journey: For centuries, philosophers have been fascinated by the human mind. What is it that makes us conscious? How do we experience emotions? And what is the nature of self-awareness? While the Western philosophers are struggling with the duality of mind and body, thus, signifying qualia as “hard problem of consciousness”, Vedic philosophers coupled physical world Prakriti and non-physical world “Purusha”, as singular entity, Purusha-Prakriti, thus, avoiding mountains of debates around qualia. In this chapter, we will explore the fractal brain theory, a new approach to understanding consciousness. This theory proposes that the brain is organized in a fractal pattern, with each level of organization reflecting the one above it. This pattern gives rise to a vast number of possible states of consciousness, each with its own unique flavor. We will also discuss the role of noise in consciousness. Noise is often seen as a nuisance, but it can also play a positive role. In fact, some studies have shown that noise can actually enhance creativity and problem-solving skills. Finally, we will look at the limitations of EEG and group study techniques, a ground to invent an advanced EEG, namely dodecanogram or DDG, an invention, prime focus of this book. EEG techniques are often used to study consciousness, brain disorders, but they have some important drawbacks. We will discuss these limitations and how they can be overcome with new instruments to read subconscious mind. This chapter is just the beginning of our journey into the fascinating science of the human mind. In the chapters to come, we will explore the human subject experiments on mysterious features of brain and unveil more about the sciences of the human brain.

All human subjects are not equal: don’t ask them same question. In our day-to-day lives, we encounter people who learn very fast, and some learn very slowly. We think that all people learn at different times. If we take statistical data for learning time and a large population, we would find that the time increases linearly from a very fast learner to a very slow learner. However, our result shows this is not a line, but staircase-like jumps are observed. Each stair signifies an upper and a lower time limit. Human subjects who fall in this flat region learn similarly. Calibrating the parameters estimating psychological attributes is debated extensively in psychology. Subjective variations, latent attributes could assign irrelevant data significant. One such problem is the taxonomy of functional lateralization. By comparing the mirror drawing (MD) task with the meta-analysis of brain signals, we demonstrate that lateralization of two hemispheres follows allowed and restricted time gaps. Discrete time-gaps in the energy transfer led to six temporal classifications of learning efficiencies of human subjects. Correlated meta-analysis studies support the finding. Interhemispheric energy transfer in EEG conducted on twenty subjects showed that subjects whose first attempt to complete an MD task fall in a specific time domain, their learning efficiencies change similarly during procedural learning. Six-time domains were confirmed via multiple cross-verification experiments, governing a latent attribute to subjective variances. Our quantized correction to classical psychometric theory would efficiently calibrate the parameters estimating psychological attributes by classifying subjects into at least six categories.

Uncovering 23 Facial Locations Involved in Emotional Transitions: One of the most interesting findings from thermal marker research on emotion is that the thermal expression of emotions is not always consistent. For example, someone who is feeling angry may not always show a red face. This is because the amount of blood flow to the face is also affected by other factors, such as stress, fatigue, and medication. This finding has important implications for the development of emotion recognition systems. It suggests that these systems need to be able to take into account a variety of factors in order to accurately identify emotions. The research is also shedding light on the neural mechanisms of emotion. We have found that the areas of the brain that are involved in processing emotions are also involved in regulating blood flow to the face. This suggests that there is a close connection between the two processes. We are continuing to research the complexity of human expression. We believe that our findings have the potential to revolutionize the way we understand and interact with emotions. In a departure from conventional studies, we present a novel perspective on emotional states through thermal imaging, revealing distinct and individualized transitions in humans. Thermal imaging unveils a fascinating pattern: As people shift from anger, upset, and aggression to states of bliss, happiness, and relaxation, specific regions of their faces respond uniquely. These twelve key regions include the nose, eye corners, eye junctions, forehead vertical lines, forehead horizontals, lips, ears, eyebrows, cheeks, chin, mustaches, and beard, as well as vertical lines parallel to the nose. These regions exhibit temperature changes of 2–7 ℃ during emotional transitions, with each person displaying a unique combination of affected areas in their facial expressions. By applying geometric analysis to individuals’ logical responses to asymmetrical images, we discern that introverts and extroverts employ their eyes differently during emotional transitions. Similarly, individuals categorized as aggressive, subdued, or calm and composed in psychological tests use distinct facial regions to express their emotions. These findings hint at the existence of twelve facial expressions originating from two fundamental categories of human character. We present a study with 287 individuals disproves the notion that all human faces, regardless of race, ethnicity, or beliefs, share a common thermal facial expression for specific emotions. Even people from similar backgrounds show distinct thermal expressions when experiencing the same emotion. We propose using dynamic thermal images instead of static ones as they reveal the geometric patterns of emotions on a person’s face. By observing which facial parts are active during emotional transitions, human subjects can be classified into six main categories and 23 subcategories. The analysis of dynamic thermal images also uncovered time conservation rules governing the latency, duration, and transition modes of human emotions. This finding has the potential to classify individuals into at least 23 different categories and assist in quantitatively estimating and treating mental disorders.

Noise is Better for Human Brain Than Ordered Signal: The fascinating connection between human consciousness and noise highlights the essential role of noise in shaping our thoughts, perceptions, and emotions. Here, we explore the downside of not finding a predetermined pattern of signal transmission in the brain, while also highlighting the positive aspects of noise as the brain’s true signal of conscious processes. We picked tasks that engage either the left or right side of the brain. For example, we looked at mathematical operations that typically involve the left hemisphere. While someone solved math problems, we used EEG to track how the results moved from the left to the right hemisphere when they communicated those results using sign language with their left hand, which requires the right hemisphere. Next, we reversed things. We focused on tasks related to recognizing art, something usually processed by the right hemisphere. Participants looked at a picture for about 12–15 s, and we could see their brain’s image processing region activate in the EEG. Then, we removed the picture and showed them a mix of jumbled-up picture details, including the one they'd seen. To answer, they had to access the image data stored in the right hemisphere, then use language processing in the left hemisphere to describe it and communicate the answer using sign language with their right hand. Through EEG, we observed clear transfers of information between the left and right hemispheres of the brain. Our study revealed that each person’s brain follows a unique information processing and transfer protocol between these hemispheres. We also found that ASMR can enhance this interhemispheric transfer, while periodic buzzer sounds can inhibit it. Brain plasticity, or its ability to adapt, appears to be linked to an individual’s typical cognitive processes.

A universal solution for many psychological problems: In the preceding chapter, we explored the profound notion that happiness often resides within the depths of pain, shedding light on the intricate relationship between these emotional states. Now, we turn our attention to a critical issue concerning awareness campaigns aimed at addressing sexual abuse. It has become evident that conventional approaches, such as showcasing explicit abuse videos, may not yield the desired outcomes. Instead, we propose a more empathetic and effective strategy that emphasizes the power of unbiased awe experiences. Philosophically, we must recognize that solutions to complex issues like those affecting the human brain often lie outside the problem’s immediate domain. To this end, our work delves into the realm of psychological tests that extend beyond conventional techniques, as outlined here. Awareness campaigns have long been regarded as invaluable tools for advocates striving to cultivate societies rooted in peace and security. Countless research efforts have been dedicated to finding the most effective methods for instilling awareness within the human psyche. In our investigation, we meticulously chart the emotional responses elicited by awareness campaigns addressing sexual harassment in the workplace. Our findings provide compelling evidence that a profound, purely positive sense of awe has the remarkable ability to entirely counteract the arousal triggered by awareness videos. This effect is so potent that not even a negative sense of awe can diminish it. Consequently, our work reshapes the foundational understanding of designing materials for awareness campaigns. We posit that incorporating entirely unrelated, positively awe-inspiring experiences during such campaigns can effectively redirect the minds of individuals who may have become desensitized to pressing issues. Pure, positive awe possesses the potential for universal resonance, making it a potent tool for engaging even the most bewildered and resistant minds in the realm of awareness.