Top

Published in:

2024 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

A Review of Innovative Materials for the Design of Adaptive Biomimetic Façades

Authors : Evelyn Grillo, Martino Milardi, Francesca Olivieri

Published in: Resilient Planning and Design for Sustainable Cities

Publisher: Springer Nature Switzerland

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config

AI-assisted search

Off

Abstract

For several years now, the debate on climate change has become increasingly central because of the consequences of climate anomalies for different sectors of human activity and the built environment. According to the latest Working Group 1 Intergovernmental Report on Climate Change (IPCC), the level of global warming can exceed 1.5 °C in the coming decades. With the increase in the average temperature in the Mediterranean area, there will probably be an aggravation in the incidence of heatwaves and intense rainfall with significant repercussions in environmental, social, and economic terms. Therefore, solutions are needed to cope with these problems, and research lines are increasingly focused on the development of adaptive building envelopes to curb the adverse consequences of climate change. The study refers to ongoing experimental research that aims to define an adaptive component, for continuous facade systems, using innovative materials based on the biomimetic approach. In this paper, the authors present some parts of their research results, where a necessary step was a systematic review of adaptive façade systems, whose variability is related to the intrinsic properties of the material they are made of. Assuming nature as a model, the authors study molecular-scale or nanomaterial materials that change their configuration and adapt to an external stimulus, organically and passively, without the requirement of sophisticated energy systems. For example, materials regulate their adaptive behavior through modifications that alter their interior structure, such as a temperature difference, or by exchanging energy from one form to another. Incorporating these biomimetic principles in the definition of the component can contribute to the design of sustainable architectural systems to “tune” the façade to changing external climatic conditions.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

previous chapter Manohar Canal of Chittagong, Bangladesh: Conceivable Methods to Rejuvenate a Historic Canal and Improve Waterfront Scenario

next chapter Rescue of Historical Natural Elements: Urban Design for the Recovery of “El Censo” Ravine in Quito, Ecuador

Online: https://www.dosu-arch.com/bloom.

Self-adaptive Membrane is a project developed by Nohelia Gonzalez and Shreyas More (Institute for Advanced Architecture of Catalonia). The study involves scientific investigation of the shape memory alloy – Nitinol to develop a passive kinetic motor which is capable of deploying geometries in response to the presence of solar radiation.

The technology mainly consists of two glass surfaces sandwiching the pneumatic muscles. In the area between the two glass panels, only a slight underpressure is required to opening each muscle. Becker thus claims that operating a breathing skin façade would require minimal energetic input. This sophisticated yet simple innovation allows the façade to be free of any visible technical components, providing a sleek and seamless finish.

A self-regulating façade system designed by Decker Yeadon automatically adjusts to suit changing exterior environments, such as sunlight and temperature variations. The actuator that runs the system is similar to muscles and It provides thermoregulation while reducing energy consumption and its associated emissions.

Addington, M., & Schodek, D. (2012). Smart materials and technologies in architecture. Routledge.CrossRef

Al-Obaidi, K. M., Ismail, M. A., Hussein, H., & Rahman, A. M. A. (2017). Biomimetic building skins: An adaptive approach. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 79, 1472–1491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.028CrossRef

Antonini, E., Boeri, A., & Giglio, F. (2021). Classification criteria and markers for biomimetic building envelope within circular economy principles: a critical review. Architectural Engineering and Design Management, 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1080/17452007.2021.1891858.

Attia, S., Lioure, R., & Declaude, Q. (2020). Future trends and main concepts of adaptive facade systems. Energy Science & Engineering, 8(9), 3255–3272. https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.725CrossRef

Badarnah, L., & Kadri, U. (2015). A methodology for the generation of biomimetic design concepts. Architectural Science Review, 58(2), 120–133. https://doi.org/10.1080/00038628.2014.922458CrossRef

Badarnah, L. (2017). Form follows environment: Biomimetic approaches to building envelope design for environmental adaptation. Buildings, 7(2), 40. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings7020040CrossRef

Ball, P. (2001). Life’s lessons in design. Nature, 409(6818), 413–416. https://doi.org/10.1038/35053198CrossRef

Behl, M., & Lendlein, A. (2007). Shape-Memory Polymers. Materials Today, 10(4), 20–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1369-7021(10)70128-0CrossRef

Behl, M., Razzaq, M. Y., & Lendlein, A. (2010). Multifunctional shape‐memory polymers. Advanced materials, 22(31), 3388–3410. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200904447.

Bengisu, M., & Ferrara, M. (2018). Materials that Move. In Materials that Move, 5–38. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76889-2_2.

Benslimane, M. Y., Kiil, H. E., & Tryson, M. J. (2010). Dielectric electro-active polymer push actuators: Performance and challenges. Polymer International, 59(3), 415–421. https://doi.org/10.1002/pi.2768CrossRef

Benyus, J. M. (1997). Biomimicry: Innovation inspired by nature. Morrow.

Benyus, J. M. (2002). Biomimicry. Innovation Inspired by Nature. William Morrow & Co.

Bogatyreva, O., A.-K. Pahl, & J. F. V. Vincent. (2002). Enriching TRIZ with Biology. TRIZ future, 2002: Proceedings ETRIA world conference, 301–308. Strasbourg.

Burton, B. (2012). Climate change and the building envelope. Risk Management, 59(2), 12–14.

Butler, J. R. A., Wise, R. M., Skewes, T. D., Bohensky, E. L., Peterson, N., Suadnya, W., & Rochester, W. (2015). Integrating top-down and bottom-up adaptation planning to build adaptive capacity: A structured learning approach. Coastal Management, 43(4), 346–364. https://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2015.1046802CrossRef

Cao, C., Hill, T. L., & Conn, A. T. (2019). On the nonlinear dynamics of a circular dielectric elastomer oscillator. Smart Materials and Structures, 28(7), 075020. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665X/ab1cc8CrossRef

Conato, F., & Frighi, V. (2018). Il ruolo dell'innovazione nella definizione di nuovi paradigmi formali in Architettura. TECHNE: Journal of Technology for Architecture & Environment, 16, 105–112. https://doi.org/10.13128/Techne-22965.

Cosola, O. D., Sánchez-Reséndiz, J. A., Olivieri, L., & Olivieri, F. (2021). Actions for adaptation and mitigation to climate change: Madrid case study. Revista Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad de Antioquia, (101), 84–99. https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.redin.20200795.

Daveiga, J., & Ferreira, P. (2005). Smart and nano materials in architecture. ACADIA2005 Conference: Smart Architecture, 58–67. Online: http://papers.cumincad.org/data/works/att/acadia05_058.content.pdf.

Decker, M. (2013). EMERGENT FUTURES: nanotechology and emergent materials in architecture. In Conference of Tectonics of Teaching: Building Technology Educators Society (BTES)., Newport: Rhode Island.

Duerig, T., Pelton, A., & Stöckel, D. J. M. S. (1999). An overview of nitinol medical applications. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 273, 149–160.CrossRef

Elahinia, M., Andani, M. T., & Haberland, C. (2014). Shape memory and superelastic alloys. High Temperature Materials and Mechanisms, 355. ISBN 9781138071544.

Elsamadisy, R., Sarhan, A. E., Farghaly, Y., & Mamdouh, A. (2019). Biomimicryas a design approach for adaptation. Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector, 14(53), 1516–1533. https://doi.org/10.21608/AUEJ.2019.64210CrossRef

European, C. (2019). Il Green Deal europeo. Comunicazione della Commissione al Parlamento Europeo, al Consiglio, al Comitato Economico e Sociale Europeo e al Comitato delle regioni. Bruxelles, COM (2019), 640 final. Online: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/resource.html?uri=cellar:b828d165-1c22-11ea-8c1f-01aa75ed71a1.0006.02/DOC_1&format=PDF. Accessed on 13 May 2022.

Frighi, V. (2021). Smart Architecture–A Sustainable Approach for Transparent Building Components Design. Springer Nature. ISBN: 978–3–030–77606–0.

Gaertner, M. Á., González-Alemán, J. J., Romera, R., Domínguez, M., Gil, V., Sánchez, E., & Nikulin, G. (2018). Simulation of medicanes over the Mediterranean Sea in a regional climate model ensemble: Impact of ocean–atmosphere coupling and increased resolution. Climate Dynamics, 51(3), 1041–1057. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-016-3456-1CrossRef

Grillo, E., & Sansotta, S. (2021). Experimentation of a new adaptive model for envelope systems. Possible and preferable scenarios of a sustainable future: Towards 2030 and beyond, Vol. 5, 166–177. doi.org/https://doi.org/10.19229/978-88-5509-232-6/5102021.

Hager, M. D., Bode, S., Weber, C., & Schubert, U. S. (2015). Shape memory polymers: Past, present and future developments. Progress in Polymer Science, 49, 3–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2015.04.002CrossRef

Hamburg, I. B. (2013). Smart Material Houses. BIQ. IBA Hamburg GmbH, Hamburg. Online: https://www.internationale-bauausstellung-hamburg.de/fileadmin/Slideshows_post2013/02_Wissen/01_Whitepaper/130716_White_Paper_BIQ_en.pdf. Accessed on 16 May 2022.

Hill, R. W., Wyse, G. A., Anderson, M., & Anderson, M. (2004). Animal physiology (Vol. 2). Massachusetts: Sinauer associates.

Hodgins, M., Rizzello, G., Naso, D., York, A., & Seelecke, S. (2014). An electro-mechanically coupled model for the dynamic behavior of a dielectric electro-active polymer actuator. Smart Materials and Structures, 23(10), 104006. https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/23/10/104006CrossRef

Huang, W. M., Ding, Z., Wang, C. C., Wei, J., Zhao, Y., & Purnawali, H. (2010). Shape Memory Materials. Materials Today, 13(7–8), 54–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1369-7021(10)70128-0CrossRef

Hu, J., Zhu, Y., Huang, H., & Lu, J. (2012). Recent advances in shape–memory polymers: Structure, mechanism, functionality, modeling and applications. Progress in Polymer Science, 37(12), 1720–1763. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-007-2176-7CrossRef

IPCC (2021). Climate Change 2021. The Physical Science Basis. Summer for Polycymakers. Working Group, I contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernamental Panel on Climate Change. Online: https://ipccitalia.cmcc.it/messaggi-chiave-ar6-wg1/. Accessed on 25 April 2022.

Kanaani, M., & Kopec, D. (2016). The Routledge Companion for Architecture Design and Practice. New York, NY: Routledge. ISBN 9781315775869

Konarzewska, B. (2017). Smart materials in architecture: useful tools with practical applications or fascinating inventions for experimental design?. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 245, No. 5, p. 052098). IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/245/5/052098.

Leone, M. F. (2012). Nanotechnology for architecture. innovation and Eco-Efficiency of nanostructured Cement-Based materials. J Architec Eng Technol 2012, 1:102. https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9717.1000102.

Lionello, P., & Scarascia, L. (2020). The relation of climate extremes with global warming in the Mediterranean region and its north versus south contrast. Regional Environmental Change, 20(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-020-01610-zCrossRef

Liu, C., Qin, H., & Mather, P. T. (2007). Review of progress in shape-memory polymers. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 17(16), 1543–1558. https://doi.org/10.1039/B615954KCrossRef

Loonen, R. C. G. M., Rico-Martinez, J. M., Favoino, F., Brzezicki, M., Ménézo, C., La Ferla, G., & Aelenei, L. (2015). Design for façade adaptability–Towards a unified and systematic characterization. In Proc. 10th Energy Forum-Advanced Building Skins, Bern, Switzerland, 1274–84.

López, M., Rubio, R., Martín, S., & Croxford, B. (2017). How plants inspire façades. From plants to architecture—Biomimetic principles for the development of adaptive architectural envelopes”. In Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 67, 692–703. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.09.018CrossRef

Lucarelli, M. T. (2018). Verso una nuova centralità ecologica dell’ambiente costruito. Eco Web Town, Vol. II (18), 7–12. ISSN: 2039–2656. Online: http://www.ecowebtown.it/n_18/pdf/18_02.pdf.

Lucarelli, M. T., Milardi, M., Mandaglio, M., & Musarella, C. C. (2020). Macro phenomena vs micro responses. Multiscale approaches in the dynamic relationship between envelope and context. AGATHÓN International Journal of Architecture, Art and Design, 7, 26–33. https://doi.org/10.19229/2464-9309/732020.

Mandaglio, M. (2019). Chameleon Building. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, vol. 296, No. 1, p. 012014. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/296/1/012014.

Marmur, A. (2004). The lotus effect: Superhydrophobicity and metastability. Langmuir, 20(9), 3517–3519. https://doi.org/10.1021/la036369uCrossRef

MedECC (2020). Climate and Environmental Change in the Mediterranean Basin—Current Situation and Risks for the Future. First Mediterranean Assessment Report (Cramer, W., Guiot, J., Marini, K. eds.) Union for the Mediterranean, Plan Bleu, UNEP/MAP, Marseille, France, 632pp. ISBN: 978–2–9577416–0–1. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4768833. Accessed on 10 April 2022.

Milardi, M. (2006). Il concetto di metabolismo per la gestione dei flussi energetici e materiali dell'ambiente urbano. In: Lucarelli, M. T. (2006). L'Ambiente dell'organismo città. Strumenti e sperimentazioni per una nuova qualità urbana. Alinea Editrice, Firenze—Italia. ISBN: 88–6055–056–4.

Milardi, M., & Mandaglio, M. (2020). Architettura e biomimesi: la natura come risorsa per il progetto. In Perriccioli, M., Rigillo, M., Russo Ermolli, S., & Tucci, F. (a cura di) Design in the digital age. Technology Nature Culture (2020), 346–349, Maggioli Editore. ISBN 978–88–916–4327–8.

Odent, J., Raquez, J. M., Samuel, C., Barrau, S., Enotiadis, A., Dubois, P., & Giannelis, E. P. (2017). Shape-memory behavior of polylactide/silica ionic hybrids. Macromolecules, 50(7), 2896–2905. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00195CrossRef

Odum, E.P. (1983). Basic Ecology. CBS College Publishing. New York. ISBN: 0030584140

ONU (2015). Trasformare il nostro mondo: l’Agenda 2030 per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile. Risoluzione adottata dall’Assemblea Generale il, 25. Online: https://asvis.it/public/asvis/files/traduzione_ITA_SDGs_&_Targets.pdf. Accessed on 29 April 2022.

Orhon, A. V. (2016). Adaptive building shells. In Developments in Science and Engineering, 555–567. Chapter: 39. Publisher: St. Kliment Ohridski University Press. Editors: R. Efe, L. Matchavariani, A. Yaldır, L. Lévai. ISBN: 978–954–07–4137–6.

Pawlyn, M. (2011). Biomimicry in Architecture. Riba Publishing.

Persiani, S. G. (2020). Design of Autoreaction, Case Studies. In Design of Autoreaction, 157–192. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6178-8_6.

Pietroni, L., & Mascitti, J. (2006). Superfici biomimetiche. MD Journal 1(2006), 66–77. ISBN: 978–88–940517–3–5.

Poneti, K. (2019). Il cambiamento climatico tra governance del clima e lotta per i diritti. Jura Gentium: Rivista di filosofia del diritto internazionale e della politica globale, 16(1), 116–182. ISSN-e 1826–8269, Vol. 16, Nº. 1, 2019 “La crisi dei paradigmi e il cambiamento climatico”. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=7010678 Accessed on 11 May 2022.

Romano, R., Aelenei, L., Aelenei, D., & Mazzucchelli, E. S. (2018). What is an adaptive façade? Analysis of Recent Terms and definitions from an international perspective. Journal of Facade Design and Engineering, 6(3), 65–76. https://doi.org/10.7480/jfde.2018.3.2478CrossRef

Ritchie, H. (2020). Sector by sector: where do global greenhouse gas emissions come from? Our world in data. Online avaible at: https://ourworldindata.org/ghg-emissions-by-sector. Accessed on 3 May 2022.

Sun, L., Huang, W. M., Ding, Z., Zhao, Y., Wang, C. C., Purnawali, H., & Tang, C. (2012). Stimulus-responsive shape memory materials: A review. Materials & Design, 33, 577–640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2011.04.065CrossRef

Tsai, W. T., & Tsai, C. H. (2022). Interactive analysis of green building materials promotion with relevance to energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions from Taiwan’s building sector. Energy and Buildings, 261, 111959. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2022.111959CrossRef

Trombetta, C., & Milardi, M. (2015). BUILDING FUTURE Lab.: A great infrastructure for testing. Energy Procedia, 78, 657–662. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.11.053CrossRef

Verma, A., & Yadav, M. (2021). Application of nanomaterials in architecture–An overview. Materials Today: Proceedings, 43, 2921–2925. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.01.268CrossRef

Villegas, J. E., Gutierrez, J. C. R., & Colorado, H. A. (2020). Active materials for adaptive building envelopes: A review. Journal of Materials and Environmental Science, 11, 988–1009. ISSN : 2028–2508.

Vincent, J. F. (2006). The materials revolution. Journal of Bionic Engineering, 3(4), 217–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1672-6529(07)60005-5CrossRef

Volkmer Martins, B., Faccin, K., Espindula, E., & Balestrin, A. (2019). Understanding innovation ecosystems: a biomimetic approach. Revue Internationale d’Intelligence Economique- R2IE, 2019. HAL.-02863882, Online: https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02863882/document.

UE Commission (2011/696). RECOMENDACIÓN DE LA COMISIÓN de 18 de octubre de 2011 relativa a la definición de nanomaterial. (2011/696/UE). Online: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/ES/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32011H0696&from=PL. Accessed on 18 May 2022.

Wang, T. X., Renata, C., Chen, H. M., & Huang, W. M. (2017). Elastic shape memory hybrids programmable at around body-temperature for comfort fitting. Polymers, 9(12), 674. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym9120674CrossRef

WMO (2021). Mediterranean gripped by extreme heat, with new reported temperature record. WMO. Online: https://public.wmo.int/en/media/news/mediterranean-gripped-extreme-heat-new-reported-temperature-record. Accessed on 20 May 2022.

Wolman, A. (1965). The metabolism of cities. Scientific American, 213(3), 178–193. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24931120.

Yamauchi, K., Ohkata, I., Tsuchiya, K., & Miyazaki, S. (Eds.). (2011). Shape memory and superelastic alloys: Applications and technologies. Elsevier. ISBN: 9780081017012.

Zari, M. P., & Storey, J. B. (2007, September). An ecosystem based biomimetic theory for a regenerative built environment. In Sustainable building conference (Vol. 7). Lisbon, Portugal.

Title: A Review of Innovative Materials for the Design of Adaptive Biomimetic Façades
Authors: Evelyn Grillo
Martino Milardi
Francesca Olivieri
Publisher: Springer Nature Switzerland
Book: Resilient Planning and Design for Sustainable Cities
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-47793-5

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-031-47794-2

Copyright Year: 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47794-2_19

Springer Professional

Abstract

Please log in to get access to your license.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"