Skip to main content
Disciplines
Automotive Business IT + Informatics Construction + Real Estate Electrical Engineering + Electronics Energy + Sustainability Insurance + Risk Finance + Banking Management + Leadership Marketing + Sales Mechanical Engineering + Materials
Events
DE
EN
Books
Journals
Topic Page
Marketing
Start single access now
Access for companies
EXTENDED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Published in:
Introduction Read chapter Read first chapter

2024 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

17. CFD Modelling of Tunnel Fires

Authors : Haukur Ingason, Ying Zhen Li, Anders Lönnermark

Published in: Tunnel Fire Dynamics

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling has been widely used for performance-based tunnel fire safety design in engineering applications. A CFD tool divides a computation domain into a large number of small cells and solves a set of differential equations with sub-models using different solution algorithms. The CFD users need to not only efficiently use CFD tools but also understand the embedded mechanisms. The basics of CFD modelling are introduced including controlling equations, different turbulence models and numerical methods. Sub-models important for tunnel fires are then described, i.e. gas phase combustion models, condensed phase pyrolysis models, fire suppression models, wall functions and heat transfer models. Despite the rapid development and completeness of these models related to fire phenomena, many limitations exist which should be always kept in mind by the users. Recommendations for CFD modelling of tunnel fires are presented.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now
previous chapter Fire Suppression and Detection in Tunnels
next chapter Scaling Technique
Literature
1.
McGrattan K, Hostikka S, Floyd J, McDermott R, Vanella M (2021) Fire dynamics simulator technical reference guide volume 1: mathematical model. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg
2.
Wang Y, Chatterjee P, de Ris JL (2011) Large eddy simulation of fire plumes. Proc Combust Inst 33(2):2473–2480CrossRef
3.
Li YZ, Huang C, Anderson J, Svensson R, Ingason H, Husted B, Runefors M, Wahlqvist J (2017) Verification, validation and evaluation of FireFOAM as a tool for performance design. BRANDFORSK 2017:2. Stockholm
4.
McGrattan K, Hostikka S, Floyd J, Baum HR, Rehm R, Mell W, McDermott R (2008) Fire dynamics simulator (version 5), technical reference guide: volume 1: mathematical model. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg
5.
Cheong MK, Spearpoint MJ, Fleischmann CM (2009) Calibrating an FDS simulation of goods-vehicle fire growth in a tunnel using the Runehamar experiment. J Fire Prot Eng 19(3):177–196CrossRef
6.
Li YZ, Ingason H, Lönnermark A (2012) Numerical simulation of Runehamar tunnel fire tests. In: 6th international conference on tunnel safety and ventilation, Graz, pp 203–210
7.
Ingason H, Lönnermark A (2005) Heat release rates from heavy goods vehicle trailers in tunnels. Fire Saf J 40:646–668CrossRef
8.
Ingason H, Lönnermark A, Li YZ (2011) Runehamar tunnel fire tests. SP Technicial Research Institute, SP Report 2011:55
9.
Yeoh GH, Yuen KK (2009) Computational fluid dynamics in fire engineering – theory, modelling and practice. Elsevier, Burlington
10.
11.
Leonard BP (1979) A stable and accurate convective modelling procedure based on quadratic upstream interpolation. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 19:59–98CrossRef
12.
Li YZ (2019) Study of fire and explosion hazards of alternative fuel vehicles in tunnels. Fire Saf J 110:102871CrossRef
13.
Harlow FH, Welch JE (1965) Numerical calculation of time-dependent viscous incompressible flow of fluid with free surface. Phys Fluids 8:2182–2189MathSciNetCrossRef
14.
Amsden AA, Harlow FH (1970) The SMAC method: a numerical technique for calculating incompressible fluid flows. Las Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Los Alamos
15.
Hirt CW, Amsden AA, Cook JL (1997) An arbitrary lagrangian–eulerian computing method for all flow speeds. J Comput Phys 135:203–216CrossRef
16.
Williams FA (1974) A unified view of fire suppression. J Fire Flammability 5:54–63
17.
Williams FA (1974) Chemical kinetics of pyrolysis. In: Blackshear PL (ed) Heat transfer in fires. Wiley, New York, pp 197–237
18.
Novozhilov V (2001) Computational fluid dynamics modeling of compartment fires. Prog Energy Combust Sci 27:611–666CrossRef
19.
Spalding DB (1977) Development of the Eddy-breakup model of turbulent combustion. In: 16th symp (int) comb, Cambridge, MA, USA, vol 16. The Combustion Institute, pp 1657–1663
20.
Magnussen BF, Hjertager BH (1976) On mathematical modelling of turbulent combustion with special emphasis on soot formation and combustion. In: Sixteenth symp. (Int) on combustion. The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, pp 719–729
21.
Atreya A (1983) Pyrolysis, ignition and fire spread on horizontal surfaces of wood. Harvard University
22.
Drysdale D (1999) An introduction to fire dynamics, 2nd edn. Wiley
23.
Prasad K, Li C, Kailasanath K, Ndubizu C, Ananth R, Tatem PA (1999) Numerical modelling of methanol liquid pool fires. Combust Theory Modell 3:743–768CrossRef
24.
Yu H-Z, Lee JL, Kung H-C (1994) Suppression of rack-storage fires by water. In: Fire safety science – proceedings of the fourth international symposium, pp 901–912
25.
Vaari J, Hostikka S, Sikanen T, Paajanen A (2012) Numerical simulations on the performance of water-based fire suppression systems. VTT Technology 54. VTT, Espoo
26.
Li YZ, Jiang L (2023) Ingason H CFD modelling of tunnel fires with low-pressure fire suppression systems. In: Li YZ, Lönnermark A, Gehandler J, Ingason H (eds) Tenth international symposium on tunnel safety and security, Stavanger, Norway, April 26–28, 2023, pp 313–329
27.
Versteeg HK, Malalasekera W (1995) An introduction to computational fluid dynamics. Longman
28.
Schlichting H (1979) Boundary-layer theory, 7th edn. McGraw-Hill, New York
29.
Stephen BP (2000) Turbulent flows. Cambridge University Press
30.
Launder BE, Spalding DB (1974) The numerical computation of turbulent flows. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 3:269–289CrossRef
31.
Lienhard IV JH, Lienhard V, John H. (2012) A heat transfer textbook
32.
Kader BA (1981) Temperature and concentration profiles in fully turbulent boundary layers. Int J Heat Mass Transf 24:1541–1544CrossRef
33.
McGrattan K, Forney G (2004) Fire dynamics simulator (version 4), User’s Guide. National Institute of Standards and Technology, GaithersburgCrossRef
34.
Li YZ, Lei B, Ingason H (2012) Scale modeling and numerical simulation of smoke control for rescue stations in long railway tunnels. J Fire Prot Eng 22(2):101–131CrossRef
Metadata
Title
CFD Modelling of Tunnel Fires
Authors
Haukur Ingason
Ying Zhen Li
Anders Lönnermark
Copyright Year
2024
Book
Tunnel Fire Dynamics

Print ISBN: 978-3-031-53922-0

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-031-53923-7

Copyright Year: 2024

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-53923-7_17