Grid Integration in the Context of Public Transport Electrification

The transition of the public transport sector towards a zero emission pathway is a key challenge to address the climate crisis and air quality issues. Bus networks are currently using mainly Diesel vehicles to fulfill the mobility needs of the population. The simple replacement of conventional busses with battery electric models is not feasible in most cases. In this paper, a methodology is presented to choose a technology (depot or opportunity charging, hydrogen/fuel cell) fitting the local circumstances. We find that the grid integration of the charging infrastructure is a main criterion when deciding for a strategy. The challenges and possibilities of grid connection for depot and opportunity charging are presented. Our results consequently show that battery storages and renewable energy power plants can be beneficial and cost effective in the context of energy systems for high power charging stations. In addition, options for synergies with other fleet operators are discussed and the grid integration process of distribution system operators (DSOs) with fleet operators is analyzed based on the legislative framework.