Skip to main content

2024 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Intellectual Property Over Mutant and Gene Edited Plants

verfasst von : Hamish MacDonald, Seyed Hossein Jamali

Erschienen in: Plant Mutagenesis

Verlag: Springer Nature Switzerland

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Intellectual property rights can cover biological inventions including plants, plant varieties, and plant parts. Defining stable boundaries for plant inventions as legal objects has proven difficult, and these challenges have been exacerbated by the focus on trait breeding in the creation of mutant and gene edited plants. We explore how intellectual property is used to claim ownership of plant inventions, and how this intersects with developments in genetic science. In particular, we analyse how genetic assessment has shaped the UPOV concept of essential determination, the determinative role genetics have played in essential derivation disputes, and proposals to rework essential derivation for the trait breeding era.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Almo s.p.a. v Sardo Piemontese Sementi Soc. Coop. Società Agricola 3519/2015, Turin Trial Court, 2015. Almo s.p.a. v Sardo Piemontese Sementi Soc. Coop. Società Agricola 3519/2015, Turin Trial Court, 2015.
Zurück zum Zitat Bernardo R, Kahler AL (2001) North American study on essential derivation in maize: inbreds developed without and with selection from F 2 populations. Theor Appl Genet 102 Bernardo R, Kahler AL (2001) North American study on essential derivation in maize: inbreds developed without and with selection from F 2 populations. Theor Appl Genet 102
Zurück zum Zitat Bjørnstad Å (2016) ‘Do not privatize the giant’s shoulders’: rethinking patents in plant breeding. Trends Biotechnol 34(8):609–617CrossRef Bjørnstad Å (2016) ‘Do not privatize the giant’s shoulders’: rethinking patents in plant breeding. Trends Biotechnol 34(8):609–617CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Blakeney M (2012) Patenting of plant varieties and plant breeding methods. J Exp Bot 63(3):1069–1074CrossRef Blakeney M (2012) Patenting of plant varieties and plant breeding methods. J Exp Bot 63(3):1069–1074CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bostyn SJ (2021) Towards a fair scope of protection for plant breeders’ rights in an era of new breeding techniques: proposals for a modernization of the essentially derived variety concept. Agronomy 11(8):1511CrossRef Bostyn SJ (2021) Towards a fair scope of protection for plant breeders’ rights in an era of new breeding techniques: proposals for a modernization of the essentially derived variety concept. Agronomy 11(8):1511CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Cook RC (1932) The first plant patent. J Pat off Soc 14:398 Cook RC (1932) The first plant patent. J Pat off Soc 14:398
Zurück zum Zitat Correa CM, Correa JI, De Jonge B (2020) The status of patenting plants in the global south. J World Intell Prop 23(1–2):121–146CrossRef Correa CM, Correa JI, De Jonge B (2020) The status of patenting plants in the global south. J World Intell Prop 23(1–2):121–146CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Danziger “Dan” Flower Farm v. Astée Flowers B.V. (105.003.932/01), Appeal Court of the Hague, December 29, 2009 Danziger “Dan” Flower Farm v. Astée Flowers B.V. (105.003.932/01), Appeal Court of the Hague, December 29, 2009
Zurück zum Zitat Danziger “Dan” Flower Farm v. Hananya Azolay and Astée Flowers B.V. (001228/03), District Court of Tel-Aviv-Jaffa (2009) Danziger “Dan” Flower Farm v. Hananya Azolay and Astée Flowers B.V. (001228/03), District Court of Tel-Aviv-Jaffa (2009)
Zurück zum Zitat Directive 98/44/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 July 1998 on the legal protection of biotechnological inventions, 1998 Directive 98/44/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 July 1998 on the legal protection of biotechnological inventions, 1998
Zurück zum Zitat Fradgley N, Gardner KA, Cockram J, Elderfield J, Hickey JM, Howell P, Jackson R, Mackay IJ (2019) A large-scale pedigree resource of wheat reveals evidence for adaptation and selection by breeders. PLoS Biol 17(2):e3000071CrossRef Fradgley N, Gardner KA, Cockram J, Elderfield J, Hickey JM, Howell P, Jackson R, Mackay IJ (2019) A large-scale pedigree resource of wheat reveals evidence for adaptation and selection by breeders. PLoS Biol 17(2):e3000071CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Heckenberger M, Bohn M, Ziegle JS, Joe LK, Hauser JD, Hutton M, Melchinger AE (2002) Variation of DNA fingerprints among accessions within maize inbred lines and implications for identification of essentially derived varieties. Mol Breed 10:181–191CrossRef Heckenberger M, Bohn M, Ziegle JS, Joe LK, Hauser JD, Hutton M, Melchinger AE (2002) Variation of DNA fingerprints among accessions within maize inbred lines and implications for identification of essentially derived varieties. Mol Breed 10:181–191CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Helfer LR (2007) The demise and rebirth of plant variety protection: a comment on technological change and the design of plant variety protection regimes. Chi Kent L Rev 82:1619 Helfer LR (2007) The demise and rebirth of plant variety protection: a comment on technological change and the design of plant variety protection regimes. Chi Kent L Rev 82:1619
Zurück zum Zitat Jamali SH (2020) Trait breeding and plant varietal rights. In: Blakeney M, Siddique K (eds) Local knowledge, intellectual property and agricultural innovation. Springer, Singapore Jamali SH (2020) Trait breeding and plant varietal rights. In: Blakeney M, Siddique K (eds) Local knowledge, intellectual property and agricultural innovation. Springer, Singapore
Zurück zum Zitat Jamali SH, Cockram J, Hickey LT (2019) Insights into deployment of DNA markers in plant variety protection and registration. Theor Appl Genet 132:1911–1929CrossRef Jamali SH, Cockram J, Hickey LT (2019) Insights into deployment of DNA markers in plant variety protection and registration. Theor Appl Genet 132:1911–1929CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Janis MD, Smith S (2007) Technological change and the design of plant variety protection regimes. Chi Kent L Rev 82:1557 Janis MD, Smith S (2007) Technological change and the design of plant variety protection regimes. Chi Kent L Rev 82:1557
Zurück zum Zitat Kock MA (2021) Essentially derived varieties in view of new breeding technologies-plant breeders’ rights at a crossroads. GRUR Int 70(1):11–27CrossRef Kock MA (2021) Essentially derived varieties in view of new breeding technologies-plant breeders’ rights at a crossroads. GRUR Int 70(1):11–27CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Krieger E, De Keyser E, De Riek J (2020) Do new breeding techniques in ornamentals and fruits lead to essentially derived varieties? Front Plant Sci 10:1612CrossRef Krieger E, De Keyser E, De Riek J (2020) Do new breeding techniques in ornamentals and fruits lead to essentially derived varieties? Front Plant Sci 10:1612CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lawson C (2016) Plant breeder’s rights and essentially derived varieties: still searching for workable solutions. 32 European Intellectual Property Review 499, Griffith University Law School Research Paper No. 16–17 Lawson C (2016) Plant breeder’s rights and essentially derived varieties: still searching for workable solutions. 32 European Intellectual Property Review 499, Griffith University Law School Research Paper No. 16–17
Zurück zum Zitat Lesser W, Mutschler MA (2004) Balancing investment incentives and social benefits when protecting plant varieties: implementing initial variety systems. Crop Sci 44(4):1113–1120CrossRef Lesser W, Mutschler MA (2004) Balancing investment incentives and social benefits when protecting plant varieties: implementing initial variety systems. Crop Sci 44(4):1113–1120CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Noli E, Teriaca MS, Conti S (2012) Identification of a threshold level to assess essential derivation in durum wheat. Mol Breed 29:687–698CrossRef Noli E, Teriaca MS, Conti S (2012) Identification of a threshold level to assess essential derivation in durum wheat. Mol Breed 29:687–698CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Pottage A, Sherman B (2010) Figures of invention: a history of modern patent law. Oxford University Press, p 183 Pottage A, Sherman B (2010) Figures of invention: a history of modern patent law. Oxford University Press, p 183
Zurück zum Zitat Probstdoder Saatzucht GmbH & Co. KG v Pflanzzucht Oberlimpurg (7 0 442t04), Court of First Instance of Mannheim, Civil Chamber (2010) Probstdoder Saatzucht GmbH & Co. KG v Pflanzzucht Oberlimpurg (7 0 442t04), Court of First Instance of Mannheim, Civil Chamber (2010)
Zurück zum Zitat Rousselle Y, Jones E, Charcosset A, Moreau P, Robbins K, Stich B, Knaak C, Flament P, Karaman Z, Martinant JP, Fourneau M (2015) Study on essential derivation in maize: III. Selection and evaluation of a panel of single nucleotide polymorphism loci for use in European and North American germplasm. Crop Sci 55(3):1170–1180 Rousselle Y, Jones E, Charcosset A, Moreau P, Robbins K, Stich B, Knaak C, Flament P, Karaman Z, Martinant JP, Fourneau M (2015) Study on essential derivation in maize: III. Selection and evaluation of a panel of single nucleotide polymorphism loci for use in European and North American germplasm. Crop Sci 55(3):1170–1180
Zurück zum Zitat Sanderson J (2006) Essential derivation, law and the limits of science. Law Cont 24(1):34–53 Sanderson J (2006) Essential derivation, law and the limits of science. Law Cont 24(1):34–53
Zurück zum Zitat Sherman B (2015) What does it mean to invent nature? UC Irvine Law Rev 5(1193):1202–1221 Sherman B (2015) What does it mean to invent nature? UC Irvine Law Rev 5(1193):1202–1221
Zurück zum Zitat Smith JSC (2021) The future of essentially derived variety (EDV) status: predominantly more explanations or essential change. Agronomy 11(6):1261CrossRef Smith JSC (2021) The future of essentially derived variety (EDV) status: predominantly more explanations or essential change. Agronomy 11(6):1261CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Smith JSC, Jones ES, Nelson BK (2014) The use of molecular marker data to assist in the determination of essentially derived varieties. In: Tuberosa R, Graner A, Frison E (eds) Genomics of plant genetic resources. Springer, Dordrecht Smith JSC, Jones ES, Nelson BK (2014) The use of molecular marker data to assist in the determination of essentially derived varieties. In: Tuberosa R, Graner A, Frison E (eds) Genomics of plant genetic resources. Springer, Dordrecht
Zurück zum Zitat Stevens H (2015) Networks: representations and tools in postgenomics. In: Postgenomics: perspectives on biology after the genome. Duke University Press, pp 103–125 Stevens H (2015) Networks: representations and tools in postgenomics. In: Postgenomics: perspectives on biology after the genome. Duke University Press, pp 103–125
Zurück zum Zitat Stevens H (2019) Life out of sequence: a data-driven history of bioinformatics. University of Chicago Press Stevens H (2019) Life out of sequence: a data-driven history of bioinformatics. University of Chicago Press
Zurück zum Zitat Syngenta Crop Protection AG v Ekologic Seeds DA & Top Seeds Iberica SL 157/2016, Provincial Court of Grenada, Spain (2016) Syngenta Crop Protection AG v Ekologic Seeds DA & Top Seeds Iberica SL 157/2016, Provincial Court of Grenada, Spain (2016)
Zurück zum Zitat Van Eeuwijk FA, Law JR (2004) Statistical aspects of essential derivation, with illustrations based on lettuce and barley. Euphytica 137:129–137CrossRef Van Eeuwijk FA, Law JR (2004) Statistical aspects of essential derivation, with illustrations based on lettuce and barley. Euphytica 137:129–137CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Van Zanten Plants B.V. v. Hofland B.V. (310918/KG ZA 08-594), District Court of the Hague (2008) (interim injunction proceedings) Van Zanten Plants B.V. v. Hofland B.V. (310918/KG ZA 08-594), District Court of the Hague (2008) (interim injunction proceedings)
Zurück zum Zitat Vosman B, Visser D, van der Voort JR, Smulders MJ, van Eeuwijk F (2004) The establishment of ‘essential derivation’ among rose varieties, using AFLP. Theor Appl Genet 109:1718–1725CrossRef Vosman B, Visser D, van der Voort JR, Smulders MJ, van Eeuwijk F (2004) The establishment of ‘essential derivation’ among rose varieties, using AFLP. Theor Appl Genet 109:1718–1725CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Yang CJ, Russell J, Ramsay L, Thomas W, Powell W, Mackay I (2021) Overcoming barriers to the registration of new plant varieties under the DUS system. Commun Biol 4(1):302CrossRef Yang CJ, Russell J, Ramsay L, Thomas W, Powell W, Mackay I (2021) Overcoming barriers to the registration of new plant varieties under the DUS system. Commun Biol 4(1):302CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Intellectual Property Over Mutant and Gene Edited Plants
verfasst von
Hamish MacDonald
Seyed Hossein Jamali
Copyright-Jahr
2024
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50729-8_4