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2024 | Buch

The Concept of Artificial Intelligence Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

Limits of AI - theoretical, practical, ethical

verfasst von: Klaus Mainzer, Reinhard Kahle

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Buchreihe : Technik im Fokus

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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Über dieses Buch

Artificial intelligence is a key technology with great expectations in science, industry, and everyday life. This book discusses both the perspectives and the limitations of this technology. This concerns the practical, theoretical, and conceptual challenges that AI has to face. In an early phase of symbolic AI, AI focused on formal programs (e.g., expert systems), in which rule-based knowledge was processed with the help of symbolic logic. Today, AI is dominated by statistics-based machine learning methods and Big Data. While this sub-symbolic AI is extremely successful (e.g., chatbots like ChatGPT), it is often not transparent. The book argues for explainable and reliable AI, in which the logical and mathematical foundations of AI-algorithms become understandable and verifiable.


Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. The Concept of Artificial Intelligence
Abstract
The term AI contains an explicit reference to the notion of intelligence. However since intelligence (both in machines and in humans) is a vague concept, although it has been studied at length by psychologists, biologists, and neuroscientists, AI researchers use mostly the notion of rationality, which refers to the ability to choose the best action to take in order to achieve a certain goal, given certain criteria to be optimized and the available resources.
Klaus Mainzer, Reinhard Kahle
Chapter 2. Practical Limits
Abstract
The view that machines cannot give rise to surprises is due, I believe, to a fallacy to which philosophers and mathematicians are particularly subject. This is the assumption that as soon as a fact is presented to a mind all consequences of that fact spring into the mind simultaneously with it. It is a very useful assumption under many circumstances, but one too easily forgets that it is false.
Klaus Mainzer, Reinhard Kahle
Chapter 3. Theoretical Limits
Abstract
  • Interviewer: What is your biggest strength?
  • Me: I am an expert in machine learning.
  • Interviewer: What’s 6 + 10?
  • Me: Zero.
  • Interviewer: Nowhere near. It’s 16.
  • Me: Ok, It’s 16.
  • Interviewer: What is 10 + 20?
  • Me: It’s 16.
Klaus Mainzer, Reinhard Kahle
Chapter 4. Conceptual Limitations
Abstract
If the Turing test would be used as benchmark for the successful implementation of artificial intelligence, statistics-based AI is in a dilemma—at least as long as it is still operating in the in black box mode. This is because one only need to follow up on a question, which can be answered as well as possible by the AI, with the next question: “Why?”.
Klaus Mainzer, Reinhard Kahle
Chapter 5. Prospects for Hybrid AI
Abstract
Classical AI research is oriented towards the performance capabilities of a program-controlled computer, which, according to Church’s thesis, is in principle equivalent to a Turing machine. According to Moore’s Law, gigantic computing and storage capacities have been achieved, which made AI performance possible in the first place. But the performance of supercomputers have a price that can be equivalent to the energy of a small town. Human brains are all the more impressive, that can compare the performance of a computer (e.g. speaking and understanding a natural language) with the energy consumption of a light bulb. At the latest, one is impressed by the efficiency of neuromorphic systems, that have emerged in evolution. Is there a common principle underlying these evolutionary systems that we can make use of in AI.
Klaus Mainzer, Reinhard Kahle
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Limits of AI - theoretical, practical, ethical
verfasst von
Klaus Mainzer
Reinhard Kahle
Copyright-Jahr
2024
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Electronic ISBN
978-3-662-68290-6
Print ISBN
978-3-662-68289-0
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-68290-6

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