3. Universal Thermal Markers of Human Emotions: Geometric-Biological Invariants for Emotional Transitions

Uncovering 23 Facial Locations Involved in Emotional Transitions: One of the most interesting findings from thermal marker research on emotion is that the thermal expression of emotions is not always consistent. For example, someone who is feeling angry may not always show a red face. This is because the amount of blood flow to the face is also affected by other factors, such as stress, fatigue, and medication. This finding has important implications for the development of emotion recognition systems. It suggests that these systems need to be able to take into account a variety of factors in order to accurately identify emotions. The research is also shedding light on the neural mechanisms of emotion. We have found that the areas of the brain that are involved in processing emotions are also involved in regulating blood flow to the face. This suggests that there is a close connection between the two processes. We are continuing to research the complexity of human expression. We believe that our findings have the potential to revolutionize the way we understand and interact with emotions. In a departure from conventional studies, we present a novel perspective on emotional states through thermal imaging, revealing distinct and individualized transitions in humans. Thermal imaging unveils a fascinating pattern: As people shift from anger, upset, and aggression to states of bliss, happiness, and relaxation, specific regions of their faces respond uniquely. These twelve key regions include the nose, eye corners, eye junctions, forehead vertical lines, forehead horizontals, lips, ears, eyebrows, cheeks, chin, mustaches, and beard, as well as vertical lines parallel to the nose. These regions exhibit temperature changes of 2–7 ℃ during emotional transitions, with each person displaying a unique combination of affected areas in their facial expressions. By applying geometric analysis to individuals’ logical responses to asymmetrical images, we discern that introverts and extroverts employ their eyes differently during emotional transitions. Similarly, individuals categorized as aggressive, subdued, or calm and composed in psychological tests use distinct facial regions to express their emotions. These findings hint at the existence of twelve facial expressions originating from two fundamental categories of human character. We present a study with 287 individuals disproves the notion that all human faces, regardless of race, ethnicity, or beliefs, share a common thermal facial expression for specific emotions. Even people from similar backgrounds show distinct thermal expressions when experiencing the same emotion. We propose using dynamic thermal images instead of static ones as they reveal the geometric patterns of emotions on a person’s face. By observing which facial parts are active during emotional transitions, human subjects can be classified into six main categories and 23 subcategories. The analysis of dynamic thermal images also uncovered time conservation rules governing the latency, duration, and transition modes of human emotions. This finding has the potential to classify individuals into at least 23 different categories and assist in quantitatively estimating and treating mental disorders.