10. Microplastics Waste and Its Eco-Friendly Management

The microplastics waste has a major adverse impact on oceans, lakes, seas, rivers, and coastal region, the environment seriously threatened by them. Microplastics (MPs) are particles of plastic with a diameter of <5 mm that can be found in both primary and secondary sources. Global research is being done on the growing issue of MP contamination in every aspect of our environment. A wide range of marine organisms are negatively impacted by microplastics, and studies show that these pollutants are known to move into the marine ecosystem through land-based activities like runoffs. Microplastic particles have been found dispersed extensively across Africa, South Asia, India, North America, and Europe. In this work, we discuss the sources, worldwide distribution, fate, and organisms’ life, especially in their food web and trophic levels. Additionally, international and national environmental association or organizations have advocated the mitigation techniques offered to decrease the impact of microplastics. Microplastics pollution in the environment can be greatly reduced by identifying the primary causes of the problem and raising public, private, and governmental knowledge of it through education. Additionally, being aware of the underlying behavioral mechanisms will help one comprehend the impacts on the marine ecosystems.