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2024 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

5. Reviving Tank Irrigation

verfasst von : Kuppannan Palanisami, Udaya Sekhar Nagothu

Erschienen in: India's Water Future in a Changing Climate

Verlag: Springer Nature Singapore

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Abstract

There are about 0.25 million tanks in India and the tank irrigated area has declined from 3.3 m·ha in 1953 to 1.67 m·ha in 2018. Encroachment of the tank catchment, weak tank-based institutions, erratic rainfall and poor tank filling, inadequate budget for maintenance, improper land use in the upstream, and siltation of the tank water spread over years had resulted in poor performance of the tanks. Tank rehabilitation programmes by various agencies have started around four decades ago and the performance was not satisfactory due to poor implementation protocols followed. Looking at the past rehabilitation performance and need of the future, six time-tested options for tank modernization are suggested: Option 1: Desilting only in selected locations in the tank water spread area. Option 2: Desilting the entire tank water spread area to a given depth. Option 3: Converting the tanks into percolation ponds. Option 4: Providing 1–2 fillings to the tanks during the tank season. Option 5: Full (optimum) groundwater development in the command area. Option 6: Adopting sluice rotation (opening and closing the sluices in alternate weeks) so that groundwater and tank water will be simultaneously (conjunctively) used throughout the crop season. At national level, a tank authority can be established mainly to coordinate and mobilize funds for tank investment and management by closely working with the states.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Sustaining Groundwater Irrigation

Nächstes Kapitel Maximizing Wastewater Reuse

These figures are provided by indiastat.com.

The number of tanks and the area irrigated by tanks are varying over years due to the addition of small water bodies like ponds etc. Hence, actual area irrigated by tanks may vary between states and the total area under tanks in the country may be around 2 m·ha. However, this report used the available data on records to analyse mainly the trend in tank irrigated area among the regions.

Northern region covers Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh. Eastern region covers Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa, West Bengal. Western region covers Maharashtra, Goa, Rajasthan, Gujarat. Southern region covers Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala, Pondicherry. North-eastern states are not included here as tank irrigation accounts for a negligible per cent of the total tank irrigated area in India, and also not much information available on tank-related aspects.

The groundwater first augments the total water supply for irrigation and then stabilizes the fluctuations in the supply of irrigation water to the crops. The total value of groundwater is thus the sum of the above two groundwater generated benefits. The benefit generated by the variability reducing function of the groundwater is called the Stabilization value of groundwater

Catchment area Rs 20,000 per ha; Water spread area (improvements to tank bund, sluices, weirs, desilting) Rs 30,000 per sq km; Command area development Rs 5,000 per ha

Based on the averages of the 12423 tanks covered in 4 states under 4 major programmes viz., Karnataka Community-based Tank Management Project (KCBTMP), Andhra Pradesh Community-based Tank Management Project (APCBTMP), Orissa Community Tank Management Project (OCTMP), Tamil Nadu Irrigated Agriculture Modernisation and Water-bodies Restoration and Management (TN-IAMWARM) Project

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Titel: Reviving Tank Irrigation
verfasst von: Kuppannan Palanisami
Udaya Sekhar Nagothu
Verlag: Springer Nature Singapore
Buch: India's Water Future in a Changing Climate
Print ISBN: 978-981-9717-84-2

Electronic ISBN: 978-981-9717-85-9

Copyright-Jahr: 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-1785-9_5