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2021 | Buch

Perspectives on Smart Cities Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

Seeing Smart Cities Through a Multi-Dimensional Lens

Perspectives, Relationships, and Patterns for Success

verfasst von: H. Patricia McKenna

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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Über dieses Buch

This book provides an interdisciplinary lens for exploring, assessing, and coming to new understandings of smart cities and regions, focusing on the six dimensions of sensing, awareness, learning, openness, innovation, and disruption. Using a hybrid case study and correlational approach, people from diverse sectors in a variety of small to medium to large-sized cities in multiple countries (e.g., Canada, United States, Ireland, Greece, Israel, etc.) provide experience-based perspectives on smart cities together with assessments for elements pertaining to each of the six dimensions.

The analysis of findings in this work surfaces a rich and interwoven tapestry of patterns from the qualitative data highlighting for example, the importance of emotion/affect, privacy, trust, and data visualizations in influencing and informing the directions of smart cities and regions going forward. Correlational analysis of quantitative data reveals the presence and strength of emerging relationships among elements assessed, shedding light on factors that may serve as starting points for understanding what is contributing to potentials for improving success in smart cities and regions.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter

Smart City Perspectives, Spaces for People, and a Hybrid Study Approach

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Perspectives on Smart Cities
An Introduction and Background
Abstract
This chapter provides an introduction and background to evolving understandings of smart cities and regions, through an interdisciplinary review of the research literature, enabling multiple perspectives. Literature reviewed focuses on emerging technologies associated with smart cities, urban theory for making sense of the smart city phenomenon, people and smart cities, and the highly disruptive and contested nature of emerging smart city developments and initiatives. Key definitions, frameworks, and ways of seeing through smart cities are provided, along with associated challenges and opportunities. This review enables formulation of a conceptual framework for seeing through smart cities, identifying a series of dimension—sensing, awareness, learning, openness, innovation, and disruption—from which a series of propositions are developed to guide explorations in the chapters that follow in this book. The methodology underlying the research design for this book is introduced and consists of an exploratory case study approach involving survey and in-depth interviews, enabling the collection of quantitative and qualitative data.
H. Patricia McKenna
Chapter 2. Sensing as Seeing
Creating Spaces for People in Smart Cities
Abstract
This chapter explores sensing in smart cities, as a dimension of seeing, based on the experiences of people in the city and their assessments of smartness. For example, components of sensing explored in this work include emotion/affect while spaces for people include explorations of agency. A conceptual framework is advanced for sensing by people in the city from the perspective of more aware and smarter people in smart environments interacting with each other and with aware technologies. As such, sensing serves as a guide to developing spaces for people as key actors and influencers in smart environments. An exploratory case study approach is used in this exploration of sensing as seeing in smart cities across small to medium to large-sized cities in multiple countries from North America, to Europe to the Middle East. Findings from online survey results and in-depth interviews provide a rich source of data for content analysis in the identification of patterns and insights.
H. Patricia McKenna
Chapter 3. A Hybrid Approach to Seeing Through Smart Cities
Combining Correlational and Case Study Research Designs
Abstract
This chapter revisits the methodology that is introduced in Chap. 1 and used in Chap. 2 and provides a rationale for, and description of, the use of a hybrid approach to the study of seeing through smart cities. The hybrid approach combines an exploratory case study, involving multiple methods of data collection (e.g., survey, in-depth interviews), with an explanatory correlational research design. The conceptual framework for seeing through smart cities developed in Chap. 1 is adapted here to accommodate the hybrid approach. This revised framework is employed to support further exploration of sensing in smart cities initiated in Chap. 2. Through the perspectives of sensing, involving more aware people in technology-aware environments, the revised framework is operationalized across small to medium to large sized cities in multiple countries. The introduction of an explanatory correlational design enables the exploration of relationships between sensing, where attuning to urban spaces is used as a proxy, and other associated elements.
H. Patricia McKenna

Emerging Urban Patterns and Relationships Influencing and Informing Smart Cities

Frontmatter
Chapter 4. Awareness and Seeing
People and Data in Smart Cities
Abstract
This chapter explores awareness as a dimension of seeing through smart cities in relation to the vast and unprecedented nature of data being generated, analyzed, and processed that is associated with emerging, aware, and interactive technologies. A review of the research literature for components of awareness includes ICTs (information and communication technologies), access to public data, privacy, and trust. This review of the literature enables formulation and operationalization of a conceptual framework for awareness by people in smart cities for use in this chapter. The methodology for this chapter employs the hybrid research design described in Chap. 3, involving an exploratory case study approach combined with an explanatory correlational design. Focusing on people in smart cities, spaces for awareness in relation to data are explored, associated with information and communication technologies (ICTs). Awareness is also explored in relation to access to public data and other associated factors such as privacy and trust. Relationships emerging in this chapter contribute to evolving insights for success in smart cities associated with awareness and ICTs on the one hand and ICTs and trust on the other hand.
H. Patricia McKenna
Chapter 5. Learning and Data in Smart Cities
Abstract
This chapter explores the learning dimension of seeing through smart cities along with other aspects of technology-driven learning in smart environments. As such, the notion of learning cities is explored from perspectives that take into consideration people and their meaningful participation in addressing contemporary urban issues for solution-making. This review of the literature enables formulation and operationalization of a conceptual framework for learning and data in smart cities for use in this chapter. An exploratory case study approach provides the methodology for this chapter combined with an explanatory correlational design. Using community participation as a proxy for learning, challenges and opportunities are explored in smart cities and learning cities generally and in relation to data and issues of privacy, security, and trust in smart environments. Insights for success in smart cities associated with learning emerge in this chapter in relation to findings pertaining to the generation of urban knowledge and implications for practice and research agendas.
H. Patricia McKenna
Chapter 6. Openness and Data Access in Smart Cities
Abstract
This chapter explores openness as a dimension of seeing through smart cities in relation to data and access. A review of the research literature for openness in smart cities is provided focusing on open data; data and access; policy, governance, and regulation; and privacy and sharing. This review enables formulation of a conceptual framework for openness and data in smart cities that is operationalized for use in this chapter. Using an exploratory case study approach combined with an explanatory correlational design, the experiences of people are explored in terms openness in smart cities along with their assessments of associated factors pertaining to data. Relationships are explored between openness and potential factors for success in smart cities focusing on correlations with access to public data and privacy. Among the insights emerging in this chapter is that pertaining to the importance and potential of infrastructures for openness in relation to urban data.
H. Patricia McKenna
Chapter 7. Innovation and Data in Smart Cities
Abstract
This chapter explores the innovation dimension as a way of seeing through smart cities in relation to data and associated creative uses and approaches. Imagination, collaboration, participation and other elements emerge from the review of the research literature for innovation and data in smart cities, along with associated challenges and opportunities. A conceptual framework for innovation and data in smart cities is developed and operationalized for use in this chapter. Through an exploratory case study approach combined with an explanatory correlational design, the experiences of a wide variety of people across multiple cities in multiple countries are explored. Assessments for innovation, using creative opportunities as a proxy, are conducted and then correlated with data related elements such as meaningfulness and access to public data to learn more about relationships and factors contributing to success in smart cities and regions. Of note in this chapter is the importance of infrastructures in support of innovation.
H. Patricia McKenna

Complexity, Disruptiveness, and Transformation in Smart Cities

Frontmatter
Chapter 8. Disruption in Smart Cities/Regions
Navigating Pathways and Directions for Success
Abstract
This chapter seeks to contribute to emerging understandings of disruption in relation to smart cities and regions. Through a review of the research literature, the disruptive dimension as a way of seeing through smart cities is explored. A conceptual framework for disruption and smart cities is developed and operationalized for use in this chapter focusing on people and their interactions in urban environments. Using an exploratory case study approach combined with an explanatory correlational design, disruption and associated factors are assessed by people based on their experience of smart cities. As such, everyday metrics are identified that may contribute to greater success when designing, developing, and engaging in smart city initiatives and ecosystems. Key insights emerging from the findings in this chapter pertain to the nature of correlations for disruption in relation to factors associated with urban data.
H. Patricia McKenna
Chapter 9. After Synthesizing and Analyzing
A Typology for Seeing Through Smart Cities
Abstract
This chapter provides a synthesis of findings emerging from this book, pointing the way forward for urban practitioners, community members, smart city researchers, and many others through multi-dimensional opportunities for seeing through smart cities. From sensing to awareness to learning to openness to innovation to disruption, a pathway is navigated through the challenges explored in this book, revealing relationships among factors that, when taken into consideration, may hold the potential for contributing to greater opportunities for success in smart cities and regions. Patterns emerging from the literature reviews are presented as are patterns emerging from exploratory case study findings, and explanatory correlational results, contributing to increased understanding of drivers and indicators for success in smart cities and regions. Insights are advanced based on the experiences and assessments provided by people in multiple cities and countries. As such, aware people seem to complement aware technologies, enabling more meaningful involvement by people in smart cities, and in turn, smarter practices for smarter societies, more generally. To this end, a typology is developed for understanding and seeing through smart cities and regions as an important type of theory development.
H. Patricia McKenna
Metadaten
Titel
Seeing Smart Cities Through a Multi-Dimensional Lens
verfasst von
H. Patricia McKenna
Copyright-Jahr
2021
Electronic ISBN
978-3-030-70821-4
Print ISBN
978-3-030-70820-7
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70821-4

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