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2023 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Sozialpolitik

verfasst von : Silja Häusermann

Erschienen in: Handbuch Policy-Forschung

Verlag: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden

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Zusammenfassung

Welche Risiken werden solidarisch getragen und welche bleiben privat? Wer hat Anspruch auf welche Leistungen? Wie viel soziale Sicherheit sind verschiedene Gesellschaften bereit zu finanzieren? Und warum werden diese Fragen in verschiedenen Ländern so unterschiedlich beantwortet? Diese und ähnliche Fragen machen die Analyse von Sozialpolitik seit Jahrzehnten zu einem der sowohl theoretisch als auch methodisch dynamischsten und vielfältigsten Felder politikwissenschaftlicher Staatstätigkeitsforschung.
Nach einer Übersicht über Definition und Entwicklung von Sozialstaaten liegt der Fokus dieses Beitrages auf einer kritischen Diskussion der wichtigsten Theoriedebatten, welche die Sozialstaatsforschung im Lauf der Zeit geprägt haben: Parteien- und Machtressourcenzentrierte Ansätze und ihre Kritiken; konkurrierende Regime-Theorien; institutionenzentrierte Zugänge zur Erklärung von Sozialstaatsab- und umbau, sowie die sich wandelnde Rolle der politischen Parteien und Bürgerpräferenzen in der Sozialpolitikanalyse. Der Beitrag schließt mit einer Diskussion zweier neuerer Debatten: zur Rolle von Sozialpolitik in der Wissensökonomie und zur politischen Bedeutung von Wohlfahrtschauvinismus. Da sich nicht nur Theoriebildung und Methodik schnell entwickeln, sondern auch das Untersuchungsobjekt „Sozialstaat“ selbst vor stetig neuen Herausforderungen steht, besteht in diesem Feld ein großer politischer und wissenschaftlicher Bedarf an innovativer politikwissenschaftlicher Forschung.

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Fußnoten
1
Z. B. die OECD Social Expenditure Database (SOCX).
 
2
Z. B. die „OECD Indicators of Employment Protection“ oder Lohnersatzraten für Renten- oder Arbeitslosenversicherung auf oecd.​org.
 
3
Jensen und Wenzelburger (2021a) legen zudem erstmals auch systematische Daten zu konkreten Gesetzesänderungen in verschiedenen sozialpolitischen Bereichen und entlang unterschiedlicher Dimensionen (Leistungshöhe, Dauer etc) vor („Welfare State Reform Dataset“).
 
4
Frühe Beiträge zu institutioneller Dezentralisierung und staatlicher Handlungsfähigkeit z. B. von Heclo 1974 oder Skocpol 1992.
 
5
Eine Reihe von Replikationsstudien hat Esping-Andersens Typologie empirisch v. a. durch Cluster- und Faktorenanalysen verfeinert und dabei auf die Heterogenität der Sozialstaaten, welche dem christlich-demokratischen Modell zugeordnet werden, hingewiesen (für eine Übersicht vgl. Arts und Gelissen 2002).
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Sozialpolitik
verfasst von
Silja Häusermann
Copyright-Jahr
2023
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-34560-0_23

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