Skip to main content

2023 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

The Overshadowing of Euclid’s Geometry by Legendre’s Géométrie in the Modern Greek Education

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Euclid’s Elements is an important heritage of the Neo-Hellenic civilization. Despite this fact Euclid is very difficult to be found in the Greek mathematics education as it was developing after the liberation from the Ottoman Empire.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Fußnoten
1
Traditionally, at some universities of Northern Italy, there had been a Medical-Physics Faculty, composed of two Departments: a preparatory one, for Physics-Mathematics and a Medical-Surgical (see [36], p. 97).
 
2
To this category belong the books-translations of Anthracites, Theotokis, Voulgaris and Benjamin of Lesvos (see [39]).
 
3
These types of books were translations of Razi and Kouma (see [39]).
 
4
The Greek translation of this concept was according to the 12th edition of the Legendre’ Géométrie, in 1823.
 
5
He was an aristocrat (he had the title of Count), educated with medical and philosophical studies in Padua, Italy, and a high degree of political prestige, due to his role in Russian diplomacy as a leading adviser in foreign policy for Tsar.
 
6
He was great spiritual leader of modern Greece. Through his work in Classical philology, Corais aimed at inculcating in Greeks a sense of their ancient heritage. His emphasis on the need to resurrect Greece’s ancient glory stemmed in large part from his intense hatred of the Orthodox higher clergy whom he blamed for the degraded state of the populace. For Corais, then, the model for a new Greece should be ancient Athens rather than medieval Byzantium (see [11], p. 10).
 
7
Sarazin, L.-Ch.: Manuel des écoles élémentaires, ou Exposé de la method d” enseignement mutual; suivi des ordonnances, arrêtes,règlements concernantl” instruction primaire, Paris, 1829.
 
8
Skarlatos Soutsos (1806–1887) was an aristocrat; he studied on scholarship of King Ludwig I at the Military School of Munich. He served as an officer of the Greek army; he joined the Greek military school, worked in politics and served as Minister of War, http://​el.​wikipedia.​org/​wiki/​Σκαρλάτος_​Σούτσος
 
9
Alexandros Rizos Ragavis (1809–1892) was an aristocrat; he studied at the Military School in Munich where he had the support of King Ludwig I. He first served as an officer in the Greek army, and later as a secretary of the Ministry of Education and Ministry of Interior. He became Professor of Archaeology at the University of Athens. He undertook as a Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the period 1856–1859, and in 1867. Afterwards he served as Ambassador of Greece to the U.S., Istanbul, Paris and Berlin. Important was also his contributions in Greek Literature.
 
10
George A. Gerakis, was one of the first scholars of the Greek government to study in Germany, circa 1837. Afterwards he taught mathematics in “Hellenic” school and Gymnasium of Patras, from 1841. He published several mathematics textbooks and translated into Greek respective textbooks of F. W.D. Snell and C. Koppe (see [50], p.202]).
 
11
In the late 1830’s there were three high schools, one in Nafplion, one in Athens and one in Syros island.
 
12
Before Kondis, at the Gymnasium of Nauplion were teaching mathematics, Dimitrios Stavridis (1803–1866), who graduated from the Polytechnic of Vienna, and Ch. Vernardos (see [7]).
 
13
See (in Greek) in Journal Pandora, 8, 1857–58, p. 181.
 
14
Specifically, this research was an attempt that can be seen as the second Greek mathematical research effort, with the first one this of Carandinos in the late 1820s.
 
15
The original that was used for this summary is unknown.
 
16
He studied Law in Paris and graduated with a doctorate in 1860.
 
17
Greeks, apart from the independent Greece.
 
18
Who was the uncle of the eminent mathematician, Constantinos Caratheodory (1873–1950).
 
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat D. Antoniou, The Beginnings of Educational Planning in the Greek State: The Plan Commission of 1833 (in Greek) (Pataki, Athens, 1992) D. Antoniou, The Beginnings of Educational Planning in the Greek State: The Plan Commission of 1833 (in Greek) (Pataki, Athens, 1992)
2.
Zurück zum Zitat L. Belloni, Italian medical education after 1600, in The History of Medical Education, An International Symposium held February 5–9, 1968, ed. by C.D. O’Malley, (University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London, 1970), pp. 105–119 L. Belloni, Italian medical education after 1600, in The History of Medical Education, An International Symposium held February 5–9, 1968, ed. by C.D. O’Malley, (University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London, 1970), pp. 105–119
3.
Zurück zum Zitat A.S. Caratheodory, About secondary education (in Greek), vol I (Greek Literary Association of Constantinople, 1863), pp. 174–189 A.S. Caratheodory, About secondary education (in Greek), vol I (Greek Literary Association of Constantinople, 1863), pp. 174–189
4.
Zurück zum Zitat R. Clogg, A Concise History of Greece (Cambridge University Press, 1992) R. Clogg, A Concise History of Greece (Cambridge University Press, 1992)
5.
Zurück zum Zitat A. Damascinos, Response to the Criticism of My Arithmetic by Mr B. Lakon, Full Professor in the National University (in Greek) (Brochure, Athens, 1867), 36 pages A. Damascinos, Response to the Criticism of My Arithmetic by Mr B. Lakon, Full Professor in the National University (in Greek) (Brochure, Athens, 1867), 36 pages
6.
Zurück zum Zitat A. Damascinos, Response to the Rejoinder by Mr B. Lakon, Full Professor in the National University (in Greek) (Brochure. (Athens, 1868), 24 pages A. Damascinos, Response to the Rejoinder by Mr B. Lakon, Full Professor in the National University (in Greek) (Brochure. (Athens, 1868), 24 pages
7.
Zurück zum Zitat J. Demoiris, History of the Gymnasium of Nafplio (Athens, 1939) J. Demoiris, History of the Gymnasium of Nafplio (Athens, 1939)
8.
Zurück zum Zitat T. Evaggelidou, The Education during the Turkish Occupation (in Greek), vol A (Athens, 1936) T. Evaggelidou, The Education during the Turkish Occupation (in Greek), vol A (Athens, 1936)
9.
Zurück zum Zitat A. Fatseas, Reflections on the Public and Private Education of Young Greeks (in Greek) (Athens, 1856) A. Fatseas, Reflections on the Public and Private Education of Young Greeks (in Greek) (Athens, 1856)
10.
Zurück zum Zitat H. Fotopoulos, Military Academy. The first higher education institution founded by the governor of Greece Ioannis Capodistrias, (in Greek), Stratiotiki Epitheorisi [Military Review], September–October, pp. 146–157 (2003) H. Fotopoulos, Military Academy. The first higher education institution founded by the governor of Greece Ioannis Capodistrias, (in Greek), Stratiotiki Epitheorisi [Military Review], September–October, pp. 146–157 (2003)
11.
Zurück zum Zitat T. Gallant, Modern Greece (Arnold, London, 2001) T. Gallant, Modern Greece (Arnold, London, 2001)
12.
Zurück zum Zitat K. Gardika-Alexandropoulou, Archive of Alexandros St.Caratheodory (in Greek) (Center for Neohellenic Research, National Research Foundation, Athens, 1981) K. Gardika-Alexandropoulou, Archive of Alexandros St.Caratheodory (in Greek) (Center for Neohellenic Research, National Research Foundation, Athens, 1981)
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Y. Hamilakis, The Nation and its Ruins: Antiquity, Archeology, and National Imagination in Greece (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2007) Y. Hamilakis, The Nation and its Ruins: Antiquity, Archeology, and National Imagination in Greece (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2007)
14.
Zurück zum Zitat G. Henderson, The Revival of Greek Thought, 1620–1830 (State University of New York Press, Albany, 1970) G. Henderson, The Revival of Greek Thought, 1620–1830 (State University of New York Press, Albany, 1970)
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Y. Karas, G. Vlachakis, Sciences in the Southeastern Europe during the 19th Century. Greece, Serbia-Montenegro (National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, 2004) Y. Karas, G. Vlachakis, Sciences in the Southeastern Europe during the 19th Century. Greece, Serbia-Montenegro (National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, 2004)
16.
Zurück zum Zitat A. Kastanis, The teaching of mathematics in the Greek military academy during the first year of its foundation (1828–1834). Hist. Math. 30, 123–139 (2003)MathSciNetCrossRef A. Kastanis, The teaching of mathematics in the Greek military academy during the first year of its foundation (1828–1834). Hist. Math. 30, 123–139 (2003)MathSciNetCrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat A. Kastanis, The teaching of mathematics at the military academy at first Otto (in Greek), in History & Mathematics Education (in Greek), ed. by C. Thomaidis, N. Kastanis, K. Tzanakis, (Ziti, Thessaloniki, 2006), pp. 131–151 A. Kastanis, The teaching of mathematics at the military academy at first Otto (in Greek), in History & Mathematics Education (in Greek), ed. by C. Thomaidis, N. Kastanis, K. Tzanakis, (Ziti, Thessaloniki, 2006), pp. 131–151
18.
Zurück zum Zitat I. Kastanis, N. Kastanis, The transmission of mathematics into Greek education, 1800-1840: From individual initiatives to institutionalization. Paedagog. Hist. 42(4&5), 515–534 (2006)CrossRef I. Kastanis, N. Kastanis, The transmission of mathematics into Greek education, 1800-1840: From individual initiatives to institutionalization. Paedagog. Hist. 42(4&5), 515–534 (2006)CrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat N. Kastanis, “Euclid must go - we shall not be national underbidders”. A historicdidactical approach of this contradiction in our school (in Greek). Mathematiki Epitheorisi [Math. Rev.] 31, 3–18 (1986) N. Kastanis, “Euclid must go - we shall not be national underbidders”. A historicdidactical approach of this contradiction in our school (in Greek). Mathematiki Epitheorisi [Math. Rev.] 31, 3–18 (1986)
20.
Zurück zum Zitat N. Kastanis, Aspects of Modern Mathematics Education (in Greek) (Ekdoseis Mathematiki Bibliothiki, Thessaloniki, 1998) N. Kastanis, Aspects of Modern Mathematics Education (in Greek) (Ekdoseis Mathematiki Bibliothiki, Thessaloniki, 1998)
22.
Zurück zum Zitat C. Katsikas, K. Therianos, History of Modern Education. From the Founding of the Greek State to 2004 (in Greek) (Savalas, Athens, 2004) C. Katsikas, K. Therianos, History of Modern Education. From the Founding of the Greek State to 2004 (in Greek) (Savalas, Athens, 2004)
23.
Zurück zum Zitat P. Kitromilides, Modern Greek Enlightenment, National Bank Cultural Foundation (in Greek) (MIET, Athens, 1996) [It is a Greek translation of Kitromilides PM: Tradition Enlightenment and Revolution, Ph.D., Harvard University, 1978] P. Kitromilides, Modern Greek Enlightenment, National Bank Cultural Foundation (in Greek) (MIET, Athens, 1996) [It is a Greek translation of Kitromilides PM: Tradition Enlightenment and Revolution, Ph.D., Harvard University, 1978]
24.
Zurück zum Zitat A. Koumarianou, L. Droulia, E. Layton, The Greek Book, 1476–1830 (in Greek) (National Bank of Greece, Athens, 1986) A. Koumarianou, L. Droulia, E. Layton, The Greek Book, 1476–1830 (in Greek) (National Bank of Greece, Athens, 1986)
25.
Zurück zum Zitat P. Kyprianos, Comparative History of Greek Education (in Greek) (Bibliorama, Athens, 2004) P. Kyprianos, Comparative History of Greek Education (in Greek) (Bibliorama, Athens, 2004)
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Lakon, B. (1867): Criticism under Mr. Antonios Damascinos published Arithmetic (in Greek), Ephimeris ton Philomathon, October 14, 15th year, No. 647, pp.1353–1358 Lakon, B. (1867): Criticism under Mr. Antonios Damascinos published Arithmetic (in Greek), Ephimeris ton Philomathon, October 14, 15th year, No. 647, pp.1353–1358
27.
Zurück zum Zitat B. Lakon, Examination by Mr. Ch. Vafa’s proof of Euclid’s V axiom (in Greek). Athena 1, 378–381 (1872) B. Lakon, Examination by Mr. Ch. Vafa’s proof of Euclid’s V axiom (in Greek). Athena 1, 378–381 (1872)
28.
Zurück zum Zitat S. Manet, Cultural mixing of Western Europe and modern Greece through the “construction” of the Greek state (1821-1862). The role of Greek antiquity (in Greek), in The Greek world between East and West (1453–1981), ed. by A. Argyriou, K.A. Demadis, A.D. Lazaridis, vol. II., (in Greek), (Greek Letters, Athens, 1999), pp. 459–672 S. Manet, Cultural mixing of Western Europe and modern Greece through the “construction” of the Greek state (1821-1862). The role of Greek antiquity (in Greek), in The Greek world between East and West (1453–1981), ed. by A. Argyriou, K.A. Demadis, A.D. Lazaridis, vol. II., (in Greek), (Greek Letters, Athens, 1999), pp. 459–672
29.
Zurück zum Zitat D. Mauroskoufis, The education 1821–1832 (in Greek), in Rejuvenating Care in the Years of Struggle in the History of Modern Hellenism, 1700–2000, (in Greek), ed. by V. Panagiotopoulos, vol. 3, (Greek Letters, Athens, 2003), pp. 289–310 D. Mauroskoufis, The education 1821–1832 (in Greek), in Rejuvenating Care in the Years of Struggle in the History of Modern Hellenism, 1700–2000, (in Greek), ed. by V. Panagiotopoulos, vol. 3, (Greek Letters, Athens, 2003), pp. 289–310
30.
Zurück zum Zitat C. Phili, Jean Carandinos (1784-1834): Initiateur des Mathématiques Francaises en Gréce. Archives Internationales d 'Histoires des Sciences 56(167–157), 81–125 (2006)CrossRef C. Phili, Jean Carandinos (1784-1834): Initiateur des Mathématiques Francaises en Gréce. Archives Internationales d 'Histoires des Sciences 56(167–157), 81–125 (2006)CrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat B.A. Rosenfeld, A History of Non-Euclidean Geometry. Evolution of the Concept of a Geometric Space (Springer-Verlag, New York Inc. 1988), p. 103CrossRef B.A. Rosenfeld, A History of Non-Euclidean Geometry. Evolution of the Concept of a Geometric Space (Springer-Verlag, New York Inc. 1988), p. 103CrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat A. Roussopoulos, A Guide for Students of the University Otto (in Greek) (Nicholaos Angelidis, Athens, 1857) A. Roussopoulos, A Guide for Students of the University Otto (in Greek) (Nicholaos Angelidis, Athens, 1857)
33.
Zurück zum Zitat D. Sakkis, Newly Established Greek State, 1833–1848 (in Greek) (Typothito, Athens, 2001) D. Sakkis, Newly Established Greek State, 1833–1848 (in Greek) (Typothito, Athens, 2001)
34.
Zurück zum Zitat G. Schubring, Changing cultural and epistemological views on mathematics and different institutional contexts, in nineteenth-century Europe, in Mathematical Europe. History, Myth, Identity, ed. by C. Goldstein et al., (Éditions de la Maison des sciences de l’Homme, Paris, 1996), pp. 361–388 G. Schubring, Changing cultural and epistemological views on mathematics and different institutional contexts, in nineteenth-century Europe, in Mathematical Europe. History, Myth, Identity, ed. by C. Goldstein et al., (Éditions de la Maison des sciences de l’Homme, Paris, 1996), pp. 361–388
35.
Zurück zum Zitat G. Schubring, Neues über Legendre in Italien, in Mathematik im Fluß der Zeit, ed. by W. Hein, P. Ullrich, (Rauner, Augsburg, 2004), pp. 256–274 G. Schubring, Neues über Legendre in Italien, in Mathematik im Fluß der Zeit, ed. by W. Hein, P. Ullrich, (Rauner, Augsburg, 2004), pp. 256–274
36.
Zurück zum Zitat A. Sideri, Greek Students at the University of Pisa (1806–1861) (in Greek), vol A΄ (General Secretariat for Youth, Athens, 1980) A. Sideri, Greek Students at the University of Pisa (1806–1861) (in Greek), vol A΄ (General Secretariat for Youth, Athens, 1980)
37.
Zurück zum Zitat T. Sklavelitis, Anthonios Fatseas (1821-1872): Ideological pursuits (in Greek), in Issues History of Modern Letters. Tribute to K.Th. Dimara (in Greek), (Paratiritis, Thessaloniki, 1994), pp. 161–170 T. Sklavelitis, Anthonios Fatseas (1821-1872): Ideological pursuits (in Greek), in Issues History of Modern Letters. Tribute to K.Th. Dimara (in Greek), (Paratiritis, Thessaloniki, 1994), pp. 161–170
38.
Zurück zum Zitat M. Stephanides, Centenary 1837–1937. History of Physics and Mathematics Faculty (in Greek), vol II (Athens, 1952) M. Stephanides, Centenary 1837–1937. History of Physics and Mathematics Faculty (in Greek), vol II (Athens, 1952)
39.
Zurück zum Zitat M. Terdimou, Euclidean geometry, in History and Philosophy of Science in the Greek Area (17th–19th Cent.) (in Greek), ed. by G. Karas, (Metaichmio, Athens, 2003), pp. 196–216 M. Terdimou, Euclidean geometry, in History and Philosophy of Science in the Greek Area (17th–19th Cent.) (in Greek), ed. by G. Karas, (Metaichmio, Athens, 2003), pp. 196–216
40.
Zurück zum Zitat M. Terdimou, The confrontation of mathematics on behalf of the eastern orthodox church during the ottoman period (in Greek), in Multicultural Science in the Ottoman Empire, ed. by E. Ihsanoglu, K. Chatzis, E. Nikolaidis, (Brepols Publishers, Turnhout, 2003), pp. 53–63CrossRef M. Terdimou, The confrontation of mathematics on behalf of the eastern orthodox church during the ottoman period (in Greek), in Multicultural Science in the Ottoman Empire, ed. by E. Ihsanoglu, K. Chatzis, E. Nikolaidis, (Brepols Publishers, Turnhout, 2003), pp. 53–63CrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat P. Thanailaki, America and Protestantism (in Greek) (Kastaniotis, Athens, 2005) P. Thanailaki, America and Protestantism (in Greek) (Kastaniotis, Athens, 2005)
42.
Zurück zum Zitat E. Theodossiou, T. Grammenos, V. Manimanis, Theophilos Kairis: The creator and initiator of theosebism in Greece. Eur. Leg. 9(6), 783–797 (2004)CrossRef E. Theodossiou, T. Grammenos, V. Manimanis, Theophilos Kairis: The creator and initiator of theosebism in Greece. Eur. Leg. 9(6), 783–797 (2004)CrossRef
43.
Zurück zum Zitat F. Thiersch, De l’ État Actuel de la Gréce et des Moyens d’ Arriver à sa Restauration (Deuxième Partie, F.A. Brockhaus, Leipzig, 1833) F. Thiersch, De l’ État Actuel de la Gréce et des Moyens d’ Arriver à sa Restauration (Deuxième Partie, F.A. Brockhaus, Leipzig, 1833)
44.
Zurück zum Zitat C. Toumasis, The epos of Euclidean geometry in Greek secondary education (1836-1985): Pressure for change and resistance. Educ. Stud. Math. 21, 491–508 (1990)CrossRef C. Toumasis, The epos of Euclidean geometry in Greek secondary education (1836-1985): Pressure for change and resistance. Educ. Stud. Math. 21, 491–508 (1990)CrossRef
45.
Zurück zum Zitat C. Vafas, Elements of Geometry in A.M. Legendre plus Additions and Adaptations M.A. Blanchet (in Greek) (Athens, 1860) C. Vafas, Elements of Geometry in A.M. Legendre plus Additions and Adaptations M.A. Blanchet (in Greek) (Athens, 1860)
46.
Zurück zum Zitat C. Vafas, Proofs fifth request of Euclid (in Greek). Athena 1, 383–390 (1872) C. Vafas, Proofs fifth request of Euclid (in Greek). Athena 1, 383–390 (1872)
47.
Zurück zum Zitat E. Zambeta, Religion and national identity in Greek education. Intercult. Educ. 11(2), 145–155 (2000)CrossRef E. Zambeta, Religion and national identity in Greek education. Intercult. Educ. 11(2), 145–155 (2000)CrossRef
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Th. Zervas, Resurrecting the past, constructing the future: A historical investigation on the formation of a Greek national identity in schools, 1834–1913, Ph. D, in University of Chicago, Illinois (2010) Th. Zervas, Resurrecting the past, constructing the future: A historical investigation on the formation of a Greek national identity in schools, 1834–1913, Ph. D, in University of Chicago, Illinois (2010)
49.
Zurück zum Zitat S. Ziogou-Karastergiou, The Girls’ Secondary Education 1830–1893 (in Greek) (General Secretariat for Youth, Athens, 1986) S. Ziogou-Karastergiou, The Girls’ Secondary Education 1830–1893 (in Greek) (General Secretariat for Youth, Athens, 1986)
50.
Zurück zum Zitat K. Zormbala, A Greek geometry textbook of the 19th century: Influences of mathematical science on axiomatic in school. Sudhoffs Arch. 86(2), 198–219 (2002) K. Zormbala, A Greek geometry textbook of the 19th century: Influences of mathematical science on axiomatic in school. Sudhoffs Arch. 86(2), 198–219 (2002)
51.
Zurück zum Zitat K. Zormbala, Dominance aspects in Greek school geometry in the 19th century (in Greek), in History and Mathematics Education (in Greek), ed. by C. Thomaidis, N. Kastanis, K. Tzanakis, (Ziti, Thessaloniki, 2006), pp. 95–112 K. Zormbala, Dominance aspects in Greek school geometry in the 19th century (in Greek), in History and Mathematics Education (in Greek), ed. by C. Thomaidis, N. Kastanis, K. Tzanakis, (Ziti, Thessaloniki, 2006), pp. 95–112
52.
Zurück zum Zitat G. Zoubos, Mathematics in the Ionian Academy (1824–1864) (in Greek), Ph.D., Department of History, Ionian University, Corfu (2004) G. Zoubos, Mathematics in the Ionian Academy (1824–1864) (in Greek), Ph.D., Department of History, Ionian University, Corfu (2004)
Metadaten
Titel
The Overshadowing of Euclid’s Geometry by Legendre’s Géométrie in the Modern Greek Education
verfasst von
Nikos Kastanis
Copyright-Jahr
2023
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46487-4_9

Premium Partner