29. The Sustainable Way to a Green and Clean Energy for Romania

Energy is fundamental to modern life but poses serious environmental challenges, notably greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and climate change. Romania, as an EU member, adheres to EU climate and environmental regulations. This paper reviews Romania's energy transformation over recent years, assesses its compliance with the Paris Agreement, and recommends a framework for a sustainable energy system. Romania's energy landscape reveals a substantial contribution from renewable energy sources, notably hydro. However, wind and photovoltaic (PV) energy have seen fluctuations due to inconsistent government incentives. Coal power plants, a significant GHG emitter, are set to close, aligning with Paris Agreement goals but raising concerns about the fate of thousands of employees in the coal industry. The transportation sector is a major contributor to GHG emissions. Although Romania offers financial incentives for electric vehicles (EVs), low EV adoption persists, highlighting the need for robust inter-city infrastructure and improved economic conditions. The paper emphasizes the role of the government in supporting electric infrastructure and EV adoption. This paper underscores the necessity for legislative changes and incentives to achieve climate goals. Romania must foster wind and PV energy growth, building on its potential, and access EU funds for renewable projects. Closure of coal plants, aligning with Paris Agreement targets, must be accompanied by comprehensive strategies for the affected workforce. The transportation sector requires attention to promote EV adoption and sustainable transportation infrastructure. To meet Paris Agreement targets by 2050, a transition path encompassing social, economic, and financial dimensions is vital. Romania's active participation in climate actions demonstrates a willingness to address GHG emissions, but further effort is necessary to fulfill its climate commitments.