1 Introduction
1.1 Research Background
1.2 Research Objectives
2 Experimental Plan
2.1 Structural Analysis Plan
Span (m) | Exposure | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
A | B | |||
1 | Typical (+) | 1.69 kPa | Typical (+) | 2.07 kPa |
Typical (−) | − 1.46 kPa | Typical (−) | − 1.74 kPa | |
Edge (−) | − 2.75 kPa | Edge (−) | − 3.26 kPa |
Span (m) | Exposure | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
C | D | |||
1 | Typical (+) | 4.41 kPa | Typical (+) | 5.06 kPa |
Typical (−) | − 3.70 kPa | Typical (−) | − 4.15 kPa | |
Edge (−) | − 6.95 kPa | Edge (−) | − 7.80 kPa |
2.2 Test Specimen Design
Diameter (mm) | Modulus of elasticity (GPA) | Area (mm2) | Breaking load (kN) | Ultimate strength (MPa) |
---|---|---|---|---|
20 | 160 | 240 | 324 | 1470 |
2.3 Air/Water Tightness Mockup Test
3 Structural Analysis and Experimental Results
3.1 Structural Analysis Results
Diameter (20 mm) | Pbreak (kN) | Span = 1.00 m | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.20Pbreak | 0.25Pbreak | 0.30Pbreak | 0.40Pbreak | ||
Pinitial (kN) | 324 | 64.8 | 81.0 | 97.2 | 129.6 |
Δact (mm) | 72.3 | 66.9 | 61.9 | 52.9 | |
Δallow (mm) | 90 (= L/50) | ||||
Δact/Δallow | 80.3 | 74.4 | 68.8 | 58.8 | |
Pact (kN) | 112.5 | 121.4 | 131.3 | 153.2 | |
Pact/Pbreak | 34.7% | 37.5% | 40.5% | 47.3% |
Diameter (20 mm) | Pbreak (kN) | Span = 1.25 m | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.20Pbreak | 0.25Pbreak | 0.30Pbreak | 0.40Pbreak | ||
Pinitial (kN) | 324 | 64.8 | 81.0 | 97.2 | 129.6 |
Δact (mm) | 81.1 | 76.0 | 71.1 | 62.1 | |
Δallow (mm) | 90 (= L/50) | ||||
Δact/Δallow | 90.2 | 84.5 | 79.0 | 69.0 | |
Pact (kN) | 125.2 | 133.6 | 142.8 | 163.2 | |
Pact/Pbreak | 38.6% | 41.2% | 44.1% | 50.4% |
W (m) | Pinitial | Pact (kN) | Pbreak (kN) | Pallow (kN) | Force ratio | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.0 | 0.20Pbreak | 112.5 | 324 | 143.64 | 0.783 | O.K |
0.25Pbreak | 121.4 | 0.845 | O.K | |||
0.30Pbreak | 131.3 | 0.914 | O.K | |||
0.40Pbreak | 153.2 | 1.067 | N.G | |||
1.25 | 0.20Pbreak | 125.2 | 324 | 143.64 | 0.872 | O.K |
0.25Pbreak | 133.6 | 0.930 | O.K | |||
0.30Pbreak | 142.8 | 0.994 | O.K | |||
0.40Pbreak | 163.2 | 1.136 | N.G |
3.2 Structural Test Results
Diameter (20 mm) | Pbreak (kN) | Span = 1.00 m | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.20Pbreak | 0.25Pbreak | 0.30Pbreak | 0.40Pbreak | ||
Pinitial (kN) | 324 | 64.8 | 81.0 | 97.2 | 129.6 |
Δact (mm) | 64.3 | 59.5 | 55.4 | 52.2 | |
Δallow (mm) | 90 (= L/50) | ||||
Δact/Δallow | 71.5 | 66.1 | 61.6 | 58.0 | |
Pact (kN) | 110.8 | 119.2 | 127.5 | 152.5 | |
Pact/Pbreak | 34.2% | 36.8% | 39.3% | 47.1% |
Diameter (20 mm) | Pbreak (kN) | Span = 1.25 m | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.20Pbreak | 0.25Pbreak | 0.30Pbreak | 0.40Pbreak | ||
Pinitial (kN) | 324 | 64.8 | 81.0 | 97.2 | 129.6 |
Δact (mm) | 74.4 | 69.1 | 65.2 | 61.9 | |
Δallow (mm) | 90 (= L/50) | ||||
Δact/Δallow | 82.7 | 76.8 | 72.5 | 68.8 | |
Pact (kN) | 120.9 | 129.8 | 137.7 | 160.8 | |
Pact/Pbreak | 37.3% | 40.1% | 42.5% | 49.6% |
W (m) | Pinitial | Pact (kN) | Pbreak (kN) | Pallow (kN) | Force ratio | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.0 | 0.20Pbreak | 110.8 | 324 | 143.6 | 0.771 | O.K |
0.25Pbreak | 119.2 | 0.830 | O.K | |||
0.30Pbreak | 127.5 | 0.887 | O.K | |||
0.40Pbreak | 152.5 | 1.061 | N.G | |||
1.25 | 0.20Pbreak | 120.9 | 324 | 143.6 | 0.842 | O.K |
0.25Pbreak | 129.8 | 0.904 | O.K | |||
0.30Pbreak | 137.7 | 0.959 | O.K | |||
0.40Pbreak | 160.8 | 1.119 | N.G |
3.3 Results of Air/Water Tightness Mock-up Experiments
Conversion of air flow under standard test conditions from measured air leakage | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Measured air flow | Standard test conditions | W | Air flow under standard test conditions (CFM) | |||||
Location | Total (Qt) | Extraneous (Qe) | Net specimen (Qs) | Pressure | Temperature | Air density (Ws) | ||
Fixed area | 4.28 | 2.0 | 2.28 | 1013 (hpa) | 20.8 (°C) | 1.202 (kg/me) | 1.212 (kg/me) | 2.28 |
Vent (project window) | 5.60 | 4.28 | 1.32 | 1.32 |