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2024 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

3. Institutionalising the ‘Bad’ Postfeminist: Phoebe Waller-Bridge’s Fleabag from Stage to Television

verfasst von : Heebon Park-Finch

Erschienen in: Adapting Television and Literature

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

This chapter investigates the process of normalisation and de-sensationalising manifested in the television adaptation of Phoebe Waller-Bridge’s tragicomic one-woman play, Fleabag (2013), arguing that the media transformation of her experimental monologue into an award-winning 2016/2019 TV Series, sponsored by the BBC in the UK and Amazon Prime in the US, exhibits a process of institutionalisation and content moderation inherent in the modern screen entertainment industry. From its premiere at the Edinburgh Fringe, to its critically-acclaimed, commercially popular adaptation on the small screen, Fleabag garnered a number of prestigious awards, including multiple BAFTAs and EMMYs. The factors involved in this precipitous rise to fame have been attributed, amongst others, to audience manipulation, direct address, narrative control, and the ‘precarious girl’ phenomenon. While these elements play important roles in the stage play and its televisual transformation, this chapter identifies a process of commercialism and normalisation, defusing various provocative issues in the play and relocating them in the heteronormative rom-com genre. This chapter finds that the gradual sanitising of controversial content to meet the demands of televisual media and its viewer ratings performs the role of arbiter of public morals, assimilating the despair of people who share the tribulations of the protagonist into the mainstream of situation comedy, thereby diluting the angst of the contemporary, alienated young woman.

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Fußnoten
1
William J. Simmons, “Bad Feminism: On Queer-Feminist Relatability and the Production of Truth in Fleabag,” Framework: The Journal of Cinema and Media 61, no.1 (Spring 2020): 32, https://​muse.​jhu.​edu/​article/​759022
 
2
Phoebe Waller-Bridge, “Introduction,” in Fleabag (London: Nick Hern Books, 2017), v.
 
3
Sarah Cardwell, “Literature on the Small Screen: Television Adaptations,” The Cambridge Companion to Literature on Screen, ed. Deborah Cartmell and Imelda Whelehan (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007), 183.
 
4
Simone Murray, The Adaptation Industry: The Cultural Economy of Contemporary Literary Adaptation (New York: Routledge, 2012), 6.
 
5
Waller-Bridge, “Introduction,” vi.
 
6
Shelley Cobb, “‘I’m nothing like you!’ Postfeminist Generationalism and Female Stardom in the Contemporary Chick Flick,” Women on Screen, ed. Melanie Waters (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011), 32, https://​doi.​org/​10.​1057/​9780230301979_​3
 
7
Waller-Bridge, Fleabag, 7. References to Fleabag are to the play text, published in 2017 by Nick Hern Books.
 
8
Waller-Bridge, Fleabag, 12.
 
9
Inge Van De Ven, “Intimate Distractions: Fleabag’s Manipulations of Audience Attention,” Continuum: Journal of Media & Cultural Studies 35, no. 3 (March 2021): 455, https://​doi.​org/​10.​1080/​10304312.​2021.​1889465
 
10
These adaptations were produced in 2016 by Two Brothers Pictures for BBC Three, a digital channel which targets “the fifteen to thirty-five groups with a variety of youth-oriented programming” and in 2019 by the digital streaming platform, Amazon Prime Lez Cooke, British Television Drama: A History, 2nd ed. (London: BFI, 2015), 238.
 
11
Linda Hutcheon and Siobhan O’Flynn, A Theory of Adaptation, 2nd ed. (London: Routledge, 2013), 47.
 
12
Waller-Bridge, “Introduction,” vi.
 
13
Jessica Beaumont, “Phoebe Waller-Bridge’s Fleabag(s): Direct Address and Narrative Control from Stage to Small Screen,” Journal of International Women’s Studies 22, no. 2 (March 2021): 107, https://​vc.​bridgew.​edu/​jiws/​vol22/​iss2/​1
 
14
Waller-Bridge, “Introduction,” v.
 
15
Cardwell, “Literature on the Small Screen,” 194.
 
16
Waller-Bridge, “Introduction,” vi
 
17
Van De Ven, “Intimate Distractions,” 456.
 
18
Beaumont, “Direct Address,” 107–08.
 
19
Beaumont, 115.
 
20
Simmons, “Bad Feminism,” 32.
 
21
Ada S. Jaarsma, “Fleabag’s Pedagogy of the Gimmick,” Open Philosophy 5, no.1 (January 2022): 90, 104, https://​doi.​org/​10.​1515/​opphil-2020-0156
 
22
Jaarsma, “Fleabag’s Pedagogy,” 103.
 
23
Produced by Jack Maple and Brian Zeilinger-Goode for MZG Theatre Productions, directed by Alastair Knights, and starring Janie Dee.
 
24
Arifa Akbar, “All on Her Own Review—Denied Love Explodes with a Voice Beyond Death,” The Guardian, February 15, 2021, https://​www.​theguardian.​com/​stage/​2021/​feb/​15/​all-on-her-own-review-denied-love-explodes-with-a-voice-beyond-death
 
25
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26
R.D., “‘The Vagina Monologues’, 20 Years On,” The Economist, January 9, 2018, https://​www.​economist.​com/​prospero/​2018/​01/​09/​the-vagina-monologues-20-years-on
 
27
R.D., “‘The Vagina Monologues’.”
 
28
Fleabag was invited to be the opening performance of the 2014 D.FESTA, Daehangno Small Theater Festival. It was staged four times (November 19 to 22) in the Sangmyeong Art Hall in Daehangno street.
 
29
Soonja Heo, “Twenty-first Century Anti-Heroine on the Brink in Fleabag” [Byeolang kkeut-e seon 21segi Anti ban-Heroine], Korea Theatre Journal 76 (2015): 66–67, http://​www.​ktheatrecritics.​com/​html/​sub02_​02.​asp
 
30
Billy Holzberg and Aura Lehtonen, “The Affective Life of Heterosexuality: Heteropessimism and Postfeminism in Fleabag,” Feminist Media Studies 22, no. 8 (2022): 2, https://​www.​tandfonline.​com/​doi/​full/​10.​1080/​14680777.​2021.​1922485
 
31
Murray, The Adaptation Industry, 45.
 
32
Holzberg and Lehtonen, “The Affective Life,” 6.
 
33
Murray, 6.
 
34
Phoebe Waller-Bridge, Fleabag: The Scriptures (London: Sceptre, 2021), 1. References to Scriptures are to the television script Fleabag: The Scriptures.
 
35
Murray, 5.
 
36
Harry Bradbeer, “Harry Bradbeer (‘Fleabag’ director) on Channeling ‘Goodfellas’ and ‘The Godfather’,” interview by Daniel Montgomery, Gold Derby, August 7, 2019, audio, 16:09, https://​www.​youtube.​com/​watch?​v=​GtdLAQQtMJE
 
37
Bradbeer, interview.
 
38
Bradbeer, interview.
 
39
Bradbeer, interview.
 
40
Bradbeer, interview.
 
41
Bradbeer, interview.
 
42
Bradbeer, interview.
 
43
Waller-Bridge, Fleabag, 31.
 
44
Waller-Bridge, Fleabag: The Scriptures, S1. E1. 8. References to series and episode numbers in Fleabag: The Scriptures are indicated by S (series) and E (episode), followed by the page number.
 
45
Waller-Bridge, Fleabag: The Scriptures, S2. E1. 236.
 
46
Bradbeer, interview.
 
47
Waller-Bridge, Fleabag: The Scriptures, S2. E6. 407.
 
48
Waller-Bridge, Fleabag, 29.
 
49
Waller-Bridge, Fleabag, 36.
 
50
Murray, 22.
 
51
Clark Collis, “The Crown Star Olivia Colman Wants to be in the New James Bond Movie,” Entertainment Weekly, August 17, 2019, https://​ew.​com/​movies/​2019/​08/​17/​olivia-colman-james-bond-the-crown/​
 
52
Waller-Bridge, Fleabag, 21.
 
53
James Chapman, Contemporary British Television Drama (London: Bloomsbury, 2020), 3, 135.
 
54
Waller-Bridge, Fleabag, 21.
 
55
Cobb, “‘I’m nothing like you!’,” 31.
 
56
Waller-Bridge, Fleabag: The Scriptures, S1. E1. 29.
 
57
Cobb, 31.
 
58
Holzberg and Lehtonen, 7.
 
59
Waller-Bridge, Fleabag: The Scriptures, S1. E1. 29.
 
60
Waller-Bridge, Fleabag: The Scriptures, S1. E1. 17.
 
61
Waller-Bridge, Fleabag: The Scriptures, S2. E3. 304.
 
62
Waller-Bridge, Fleabag, 6.
 
63
Waller-Bridge, Fleabag: The Scriptures, S1. E6. 192.
 
64
Waller-Bridge, Fleabag: The Scriptures, S2. E6. 400.
 
65
Waller-Bridge, Fleabag: The Scriptures, S1. E1. 29.
 
66
Waller-Bridge, Fleabag: The Scriptures, S2. E2. 269.
 
67
Waller-Bridge, Fleabag: The Scriptures, S2. E2. 270.
 
68
Waller-Bridge, Fleabag: The Scriptures, S1. E4. 128.
 
69
Waller-Bridge, Fleabag: The Scriptures, S1. E6. 191.
 
70
Waller-Bridge, Fleabag: The Scriptures, S1. E6. 192.
 
71
Waller-Bridge, Fleabag: The Scriptures, S2. E2. 266.
 
72
Waller-Bridge, Fleabag: The Scriptures, S2. E4. 338.
 
73
Holzberg and Lehtonen, 8.
 
74
Chapman, Contemporary British Television Drama, 7.
 
75
Cardwell, 192.
 
76
Xiaoyan Kuia, Huihao Lva, Zhengliang Tang, Haowen Zhou, Wang Yang, Jinqiu Li, Jialin Guo, and Jiazhi Xia, “TVseer: A Visual Analytics System for Television Ratings,” Visual Informatics 4, no. 3 (September 2020): 1, https://​www.​sciencedirect.​com/​science/​article/​pii/​S2468502X2030027​9
 
77
Kuia et al., “TVseer,” 1.
 
78
Beyond the Fringe transferred to London’s West End, South Africa (1962), and America (1962–63). It was successfully revived in Los Angeles in 2000–01, and recreated for a scene in Netflix’s The Crown (2017), when Harold Macmillan (the Prime Minister) is verbally abused by Peter Cook.
 
79
This sketch was part of the first Secret Policeman’s Ball benefit—A Poke in the Eye—at Her Majesty’s Theatre in London’s West End, in which a number of Python sketches were performed. Eric Idle was not present in these Amnesty International shows. His place in the courtroom sketch was taken by Peter Cook.
 
80
Hannah James Parkinson, “Farewell Fleabag: The Most Electrifying, Devastating TV in Years,” The Guardian, April 8, 2019, https://​www.​theguardian.​com/​tv-and-radio/​2019/​apr/​08/​farewell-fleabag-the-most-electrifying-devastating-tv-in-years
 
81
Simmons, 32.
 
82
Faye Woods, “Too Close for Comfort: Direct Address and the Affective Pull of the Confessional Comic Woman in Chewing Gum and Fleabag,” Communication, Culture & Critique 12, no. 2 (June 2019): 198, https://​doi.​org/​10.​1093/​ccc/​tcz014
 
83
Alan Sepinwall, “‘Fleabag’ Season Two Review: A Heaven-Sent Sequel.” Rolling Stone, May 14, 2019, https://​www.​rollingstone.​com/​tv-movies/​tv-movie-reviews/​fleabag-season-2-review-833975/​
 
84
Murray, 16.
 
85
James Naremore, “Film and the Reign of Adaptation.” Indiana University Institute for Advanced Study. Distinguished Lecture Series 10, Indiana University (1999), 8.
 
86
Julie Sanders, Adaptation and Appropriation, 2nd ed. (London: Routledge, 2016), 33.
 
87
Holzberg and Lehtonen, 13.
 
Metadaten
Titel
Institutionalising the ‘Bad’ Postfeminist: Phoebe Waller-Bridge’s Fleabag from Stage to Television
verfasst von
Heebon Park-Finch
Copyright-Jahr
2024
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50832-5_3