Skip to main content

2024 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

4. Network Timing

verfasst von : Nickolay Biriukov, Nataliya Triska

Erschienen in: Sync Problems Collection

Verlag: Springer Nature Switzerland

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Network timing (hereinafter shortly referred as SyncNet) is a network method of slip overcoming which is based on the maintaining high accuracy and stability in the network. Essentially, it is a forced method of maintaining a roughly equal mean frequency with a limited phase offset (Biriukov, Triska, Advances in information and communication technologies. Processing and control in information and communication systems. Springer, New York, 2019). SyncNet is widely used both in legacy TDM-based networks and in modern packet-based networks. The presented guidelines, examples, and case studies are mainly based on the “classic” SyncNet solutions designed for legacy TDM-based networks. Being well standardized and worked out in practice, these solutions do not lose relevance today, serving as a basis for developing timing solutions for new-generation packet networks.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Fußnoten
1
Precise Time Protocol (PTP) basics are presented in Chap. 5.
 
2
The clock hierarchy used in 2048 and 1544 kbit/s-based networks are similar differing only in some accuracy/stability parameters values. Therefore, all examples and exercises given here for 2048 kbit/s-based networks are also applicable for 1544 kbit/s-based networks.
 
3
The term “maser” is an abbreviation for microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation.
 
4
The recommended rank values may be revised subject to (N − 2) criteria should be provided.
 
5
If a matrix has non-integer elements (with dots), then matrix transfer from Excel to Mathlab should be made manually.
 
6
If equipment does not have external timing interfaces, it can be synchronized by traffic interfaces, but such solution is not recommended, especially in the case of PDH tributary signals in SDH equipment.
 
7
In SyncE equipment, in addition to traditional SSM codes (Table 4.5), the enhanced SSM codes are provided. The information about enhanced SSM using can be found in ITU-T Recommendation G.8264/Y.1364.
 
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Bregni, S.: Synchronization of Digital Telecommunication Networks. Wiley, New York (2002)CrossRef Bregni, S.: Synchronization of Digital Telecommunication Networks. Wiley, New York (2002)CrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Biriukov, N., Triska, N.: Time and synchronization in telecoms. In: Advances in Information and Communication Technologies. Processing and Control in Information and Communication Systems Lecture notes in electrical engineering, vol. 560, pp. 205–223. Springer (2019). ISSN: 1876-1100. ISBN: 978-3-030-16770-7) Biriukov, N., Triska, N.: Time and synchronization in telecoms. In: Advances in Information and Communication Technologies. Processing and Control in Information and Communication Systems Lecture notes in electrical engineering, vol. 560, pp. 205–223. Springer (2019). ISSN: 1876-1100. ISBN: 978-3-030-16770-7)
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Biriukov, N., Steklov, V., Kostic, B.: Transportni merezhi telecomunicatsiy: systemy multiplexyvannia: Pidruchnik dlya studentiv vyschich navtchalnch zakladiv (Transport Telecommunication Networks: Multiplexing Systems. Student Manual for Technical Universities). Technica, Kyiv (2005) Biriukov, N., Steklov, V., Kostic, B.: Transportni merezhi telecomunicatsiy: systemy multiplexyvannia: Pidruchnik dlya studentiv vyschich navtchalnch zakladiv (Transport Telecommunication Networks: Multiplexing Systems. Student Manual for Technical Universities). Technica, Kyiv (2005)
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Koltunov, M.N., Legotin, N.N., Schwartz, M.L.: Setevaya synchronizatsia v systemach sviazi (Network Synchronization in Telecommunication Systems). Syrus Systems, Moscow (2007) Koltunov, M.N., Legotin, N.N., Schwartz, M.L.: Setevaya synchronizatsia v systemach sviazi (Network Synchronization in Telecommunication Systems). Syrus Systems, Moscow (2007)
Metadaten
Titel
Network Timing
verfasst von
Nickolay Biriukov
Nataliya Triska
Copyright-Jahr
2024
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55428-5_4

Neuer Inhalt