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2024 | Buch

Introduction: Timing Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

Sync Problems Collection

Synchronization and Time Distribution in Telecommunications

verfasst von: Nickolay Biriukov, Nataliya Triska

Verlag: Springer Nature Switzerland

Enthalten in: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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Über dieses Buch

This textbook clarifies synchronization issues in telecommunications in an easy-to-follow way, focusing less on theory and more on practical aspects. The book is intended for a wide range of readers interested in the basic synchronization concepts in their wide application for development, maintenance, and conformity assessment of telecommunications equipment and networks. The authors show how, though synchronization in telecommunications has experienced rapid development, the foundational theory and the basic definitions, mathematical tools, and well-developed “classical” technologies have remained. The authors have studied the ITU-T, ETSI, IEEE standards, and extracted practical topics of synchronization. The collection of numerous training problems, practical examples, and case studies help the readers not only to find the answers to their current questions but also to get a common view of synchronization’s role in the modern telecommunications. The book is geared towards students of telecommunications but can also be useful for telecom engineers and for training/workshops for telecom engineers concerning synchronization topics.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Introduction: Timing
Abstract
The chapter introduces to the basic concepts and definitions, which form the basis of timing and synchronization in telecom. In particular, the timing signal model and specifications, basic relations between frequency and phase, timescale alignment, the main metrics used for synchronization quality evaluation (TIE-based metrics), and the phase distortions (jitter/wander, noises) are considered. All these issues are further developed in the next chapters.
Nickolay Biriukov, Nataliya Triska
Chapter 2. Telecom Systems Timing
Abstract
This chapter describes how the basic timing concepts and models introduced in Chap. 1 are used to solve timing problems in real-world telecom systems.
We will consider:
  • Slip frequency and period estimation in digital switching centers (SC) connection (Sect. 2.1).
  • Synchronous and asynchronous multiplexing in PDH/SDH transmission system, including bit staffing, pointer justification, etc. (Sect. 2.2).
“Two generators problem” (GGP) cause slips (controlled or uncontrolled) in digital equipment/connections. The slip mechanism is discussed in Chap. 1 (Examples 1.12, 1.13, 1.14 and 1.15 and Exercises 1.19, 1.20 and 1.21). This chapter deals with controlled slip means only.
Nickolay Biriukov, Nataliya Triska
Chapter 3. Timing Metrics
Abstract
Telecom systems require appropriate metrics for timing quality evaluation. The concept of time error (TE)/time interval error (TIE) is used for these purposes [G.810]. Packet delay variation (PDV) is used for packet transmission as equivalent to TE.
Nickolay Biriukov, Nataliya Triska
Chapter 4. Network Timing
Abstract
Network timing (hereinafter shortly referred as SyncNet) is a network method of slip overcoming which is based on the maintaining high accuracy and stability in the network. Essentially, it is a forced method of maintaining a roughly equal mean frequency with a limited phase offset (Biriukov, Triska, Advances in information and communication technologies. Processing and control in information and communication systems. Springer, New York, 2019). SyncNet is widely used both in legacy TDM-based networks and in modern packet-based networks. The presented guidelines, examples, and case studies are mainly based on the “classic” SyncNet solutions designed for legacy TDM-based networks. Being well standardized and worked out in practice, these solutions do not lose relevance today, serving as a basis for developing timing solutions for new-generation packet networks.
Nickolay Biriukov, Nataliya Triska
Chapter 5. Time Synchronization
Abstract
The chapter introduces the basic models of timescale alignment and time distribution in the context of phase and time synchronization tasks in telecommunications. We begin from easy Cristian’s algorithm to Network Time Protocol (NTP) and Precise Time Protocol (PTP) in brief.
Nickolay Biriukov, Nataliya Triska
Backmatter
Metadaten
Titel
Sync Problems Collection
verfasst von
Nickolay Biriukov
Nataliya Triska
Copyright-Jahr
2024
Electronic ISBN
978-3-031-55428-5
Print ISBN
978-3-031-55427-8
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55428-5

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