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2024 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Photo/Hydro/Thermal Degradation of Macro-plastics into Micro- and Nano-forms

verfasst von : J. Lakshmipraba

Erschienen in: Microplastics and Pollutants

Verlag: Springer Nature Switzerland

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Abstract

Plastics have become an essential aspect of our modern culture, giving several benefits due to their adaptability and durability. However, given their tenacity and accumulation in ecosystems, they have caused serious environmental consequences. In recent years, there has been an increase in interest in the breakdown of macro-plastics into micro- and nano-forms, which is triggered by numerous elements such as light, water, and heat. For the evaluation of the long-term effects of plastic pollution on ecosystems, it is essential to comprehend the nature of polymers and their vulnerability to degradation. The essential elements impacting the breakdown of macro-plastics and the subsequent creation of micro- and nano-plastics are highlighted in this abstract, which provides a thorough review of the degradation processes.

Macro-plastic deterioration is a complicated process that is impacted by several environmental conditions. The deterioration process is started and accelerated in a substantial way by exposure to sunshine or ultraviolet (UV) radiation. By causing photooxidation, UV light breaks apart polymer chains and creates free radicals. These radicals encourage more deterioration, making macro-plastics brittle and prone to breaking up into smaller pieces.

Additionally, water, both freshwater and saltwater, is essential for the breakdown of macro-plastics. Polymer chains deteriorate as a result of hydrolysis, a chemical process in which chemical bonds are broken in the presence of water. Temperature, pH, and the presence of certain microbes or enzymes can all improve the hydrolytic process. Additionally, macro-plastics can be further broken down into tiny pieces by mechanical forces such as wave action and abrasion against rocks and sediments.

The pace at which macro-plastics degrade is substantially influenced by temperature, both ambient and raised. The mobility of polymer chains is increased, and the degradative processes are sped up at higher temperatures. The fragmentation of macro-plastics can be further accelerated by the synergistic interaction of high temperatures, UV light, and water.

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Titel: Photo/Hydro/Thermal Degradation of Macro-plastics into Micro- and Nano-forms
verfasst von: J. Lakshmipraba
Verlag: Springer Nature Switzerland
Buch: Microplastics and Pollutants
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-54564-1

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-031-54565-8

Copyright-Jahr: 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54565-8_3