Skip to main content

2024 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

The Choice Between Accrual and Real Manipulation Around Information Uncertainty

verfasst von : Thi Thu Ha Nguyen, Salma Ibrahim

Erschienen in: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Research in Management and Technovation

Verlag: Springer Nature Singapore

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Previous studies on opportunistic earnings management using accrual and real manipulation related to benchmark-beating find mixed evidence, especially when investigating alternative mechanisms (i.e., accrual earnings management and real earnings management). One issue that has not been examined is the information uncertainty environment. We expect that greater information uncertainty would provide more ambiguity about earnings management for market participants. Therefore, if managers are opportunistic, they are more likely to choose the less costly earnings management mechanism, i.e., accrual manipulation. The overall results show that firms just meeting earnings benchmarks use more accrual earnings management but not real earnings management in the high information uncertainty environment. The results hold after controlling for endogeneity and other factors that may affect earnings management.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Burgstahler, D., Dichev, I.: Earnings management to avoid earnings decreases and losses. J. Account. Econ. 24(1), 99–126 (1997)CrossRef Burgstahler, D., Dichev, I.: Earnings management to avoid earnings decreases and losses. J. Account. Econ. 24(1), 99–126 (1997)CrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Cohen, D.A., Dey, A., Lys, T.Z.: Real and accrual-based earnings management in the pre-and post-Sarbanes-Oxley periods. Account. Rev. 83(3), 757–787 (2008)CrossRef Cohen, D.A., Dey, A., Lys, T.Z.: Real and accrual-based earnings management in the pre-and post-Sarbanes-Oxley periods. Account. Rev. 83(3), 757–787 (2008)CrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Gilliam, T.A., Heflin, F., Paterson, J.S.: Evidence that the zero-earnings discontinuity has disappeared. J. Account. Econ. 60(1), 117–132 (2015)CrossRef Gilliam, T.A., Heflin, F., Paterson, J.S.: Evidence that the zero-earnings discontinuity has disappeared. J. Account. Econ. 60(1), 117–132 (2015)CrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Jiang, G., Lee, C.M., Zhang, Y.: Information uncertainty and expected returns. Rev. Acc. Stud. 10(2), 185–221 (2005)CrossRef Jiang, G., Lee, C.M., Zhang, Y.: Information uncertainty and expected returns. Rev. Acc. Stud. 10(2), 185–221 (2005)CrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang, X.F.: Information uncertainty and stock returns. J. Financ. 61(1), 105–137 (2006)CrossRef Zhang, X.F.: Information uncertainty and stock returns. J. Financ. 61(1), 105–137 (2006)CrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen, S.S., Lin, W.C., Chang, S.C., Lin, C.Y.: Information uncertainty, earnings management, and long-run stock performance following initial public offerings. J. Bus. Financ. Acc. 40(9–10), 1126–1154 (2013)CrossRef Chen, S.S., Lin, W.C., Chang, S.C., Lin, C.Y.: Information uncertainty, earnings management, and long-run stock performance following initial public offerings. J. Bus. Financ. Acc. 40(9–10), 1126–1154 (2013)CrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Stein, L.C., Wang, C.C.: Economic uncertainty and earnings management. In: Harvard Business School Accounting and Management Unit Working Paper, pp. 16–103 (2016) Stein, L.C., Wang, C.C.: Economic uncertainty and earnings management. In: Harvard Business School Accounting and Management Unit Working Paper, pp. 16–103 (2016)
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Haque, A., Fatima, H., Abid, A., Qamar, M.A.J.: Impact of firm-level uncertainty on earnings management and role of accounting conservatism. Q. Financ. Econ. 3(4), 772–794 (2019) Haque, A., Fatima, H., Abid, A., Qamar, M.A.J.: Impact of firm-level uncertainty on earnings management and role of accounting conservatism. Q. Financ. Econ. 3(4), 772–794 (2019)
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Dye, R.A.: Earnings management in an overlapping generations model. J. Account. Res. 195–235 (1988) Dye, R.A.: Earnings management in an overlapping generations model. J. Account. Res. 195–235 (1988)
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Trueman, B., Titman, S.: An explanation for accounting income smoothing. J. Account. Res. 127–139 (1988) Trueman, B., Titman, S.: An explanation for accounting income smoothing. J. Account. Res. 127–139 (1988)
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Roychowdhury, S.: Earnings management through real activities manipulation. J. Account. Econ. 42(3), 335–370 (2006)CrossRef Roychowdhury, S.: Earnings management through real activities manipulation. J. Account. Econ. 42(3), 335–370 (2006)CrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Cohen, D.A., Zarowin, P.: Accrual-based and real earnings management activities around seasoned equity offerings. J. Account. Econ. 50(1), 2–19 (2010)CrossRef Cohen, D.A., Zarowin, P.: Accrual-based and real earnings management activities around seasoned equity offerings. J. Account. Econ. 50(1), 2–19 (2010)CrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Lennox, C., Yu, Y.J.: Cooking the books using different ingredients: an examination of cash flow frauds (2019) Lennox, C., Yu, Y.J.: Cooking the books using different ingredients: an examination of cash flow frauds (2019)
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Zang, A.Y.: Evidence on the trade-off between real activities manipulation and accrual-based earnings management. Account. Rev. 87(2), 675–703 (2011)CrossRef Zang, A.Y.: Evidence on the trade-off between real activities manipulation and accrual-based earnings management. Account. Rev. 87(2), 675–703 (2011)CrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Durtschi, C., Easton, P.: Earnings management? The shapes of the frequency distributions of earnings metrics are not evidence ipso facto. J. Account. Res. 43(4), 557–592 (2005)CrossRef Durtschi, C., Easton, P.: Earnings management? The shapes of the frequency distributions of earnings metrics are not evidence ipso facto. J. Account. Res. 43(4), 557–592 (2005)CrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Healy, P.M., Wahlen, J.M.: A review of the earnings management literature and its implications for standard setting. Account. Horiz. 13(4), 365–383 (1999)CrossRef Healy, P.M., Wahlen, J.M.: A review of the earnings management literature and its implications for standard setting. Account. Horiz. 13(4), 365–383 (1999)CrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Hunton, J.E., Libby, R., Mazza, C.L.: Financial reporting transparency and earnings management (retracted). Account. Rev. 81(1), 135–157 (2006)CrossRef Hunton, J.E., Libby, R., Mazza, C.L.: Financial reporting transparency and earnings management (retracted). Account. Rev. 81(1), 135–157 (2006)CrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Jung, W.-O., Kwon, Y.K.: Disclosure when the market is unsure of information endowment of managers. J. Account. Res. 146–53 (1988) Jung, W.-O., Kwon, Y.K.: Disclosure when the market is unsure of information endowment of managers. J. Account. Res. 146–53 (1988)
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Indjejikian, R.J.: The impact of costly information interpretation on firm disclosure decisions. J. Account. Res. 29(2), 277–301 (1991)CrossRef Indjejikian, R.J.: The impact of costly information interpretation on firm disclosure decisions. J. Account. Res. 29(2), 277–301 (1991)CrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Zang, A.Y.: Evidence on the trade-off between real activities manipulation and accrual-based earnings management. Account. Rev. 87(2), 675–703 (2012)CrossRef Zang, A.Y.: Evidence on the trade-off between real activities manipulation and accrual-based earnings management. Account. Rev. 87(2), 675–703 (2012)CrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Ibrahim, S., Xu, L., Rogers, G.: Real and accrual-based earnings management and its legal consequences: evidence from seasoned equity offerings. Account. Res. J. 24(1), 50–78 (2011)CrossRef Ibrahim, S., Xu, L., Rogers, G.: Real and accrual-based earnings management and its legal consequences: evidence from seasoned equity offerings. Account. Res. J. 24(1), 50–78 (2011)CrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Bartov, E., Givoly, D., Hayn, C.: The rewards to meeting or beating earnings expectations. J. Account. Econ. 33(2), 173–204 (2002)CrossRef Bartov, E., Givoly, D., Hayn, C.: The rewards to meeting or beating earnings expectations. J. Account. Econ. 33(2), 173–204 (2002)CrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Rosenbaum, P.R., Rubin, D.B.: The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika 70(1), 41–55 (1983)CrossRef Rosenbaum, P.R., Rubin, D.B.: The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika 70(1), 41–55 (1983)CrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Francis, J.J., Johnston, M., Robertson, C., Glidewell, L., Entwistle, V., Eccles, M.P., et al.: What is an adequate sample size? Operationalising data saturation for theory-based interview studies. Psychol. Health 25(10), 1229–1245 (2010)CrossRef Francis, J.J., Johnston, M., Robertson, C., Glidewell, L., Entwistle, V., Eccles, M.P., et al.: What is an adequate sample size? Operationalising data saturation for theory-based interview studies. Psychol. Health 25(10), 1229–1245 (2010)CrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Tucker, J.W.: Selection bias and econometric remedies in accounting and finance research. J. Account. Literat. Winter (2010) Tucker, J.W.: Selection bias and econometric remedies in accounting and finance research. J. Account. Literat. Winter (2010)
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Kasznik, R., McNichols, M.F.: Does meeting earnings expectations matter? Evidence from analyst forecast revisions and share prices. J. Account. Res. 40(3), 727–759 (2002)CrossRef Kasznik, R., McNichols, M.F.: Does meeting earnings expectations matter? Evidence from analyst forecast revisions and share prices. J. Account. Res. 40(3), 727–759 (2002)CrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Tkac, P.A.: A trading volume benchmark: theory and evidence. J. Financ. Q. Anal. 34(1), 89–114 (1999)CrossRef Tkac, P.A.: A trading volume benchmark: theory and evidence. J. Financ. Q. Anal. 34(1), 89–114 (1999)CrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Lim, T.: Rationality and analysts’ forecast bias. J. Financ. 56(1), 369–385 (2001)CrossRef Lim, T.: Rationality and analysts’ forecast bias. J. Financ. 56(1), 369–385 (2001)CrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Stoll, H.R.: The pricing of security dealer services: an empirical study of NASDAQ stocks. J. Financ. 33(4), 1153–1172 (1978)CrossRef Stoll, H.R.: The pricing of security dealer services: an empirical study of NASDAQ stocks. J. Financ. 33(4), 1153–1172 (1978)CrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Chiang, R., Venkatesh, P.: Insider holdings and perceptions of information asymmetry: a note. J. Financ. 43(4), 1041–1048 (1988)CrossRef Chiang, R., Venkatesh, P.: Insider holdings and perceptions of information asymmetry: a note. J. Financ. 43(4), 1041–1048 (1988)CrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Jones, J.J.: Earnings management during import relief investigations. J. Account. Res. 29(2), 193–228 (1991)CrossRef Jones, J.J.: Earnings management during import relief investigations. J. Account. Res. 29(2), 193–228 (1991)CrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Dechow, P.M., Sloan, R.G., Sweeney, A.P.: Detecting earnings management. Account Rev. 193–225 (1995) Dechow, P.M., Sloan, R.G., Sweeney, A.P.: Detecting earnings management. Account Rev. 193–225 (1995)
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Lev, B., Nissim, D.: The persistence of the accruals anomaly. Contemp. Account. Res. 23(1), 193–226 (2006)CrossRef Lev, B., Nissim, D.: The persistence of the accruals anomaly. Contemp. Account. Res. 23(1), 193–226 (2006)CrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Becker, C.L., DeFond, M.L., Jiambalvo, J., Subramanyam, K.: The effect of audit quality on earnings management. Contemp. Account. Res. 15(1), 1–24 (1998)CrossRef Becker, C.L., DeFond, M.L., Jiambalvo, J., Subramanyam, K.: The effect of audit quality on earnings management. Contemp. Account. Res. 15(1), 1–24 (1998)CrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Francis, J.R., Maydew, E.L., Sparks, H.C.: The role of big 6 auditors in the credible reporting of accruals. Audit. J. Pract. Theor. 18(2), 17–34 (1999) Francis, J.R., Maydew, E.L., Sparks, H.C.: The role of big 6 auditors in the credible reporting of accruals. Audit. J. Pract. Theor. 18(2), 17–34 (1999)
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Dechow, P.M.: Accounting earnings and cash flows as measures of firm performance: the role of accounting accruals. J. Account. Econ. 18(1), 3–42 (1994)CrossRef Dechow, P.M.: Accounting earnings and cash flows as measures of firm performance: the role of accounting accruals. J. Account. Econ. 18(1), 3–42 (1994)CrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Butler, M., Leone, A.J., Willenborg, M.: An empirical analysis of auditor reporting and its association with abnormal accruals. J. Account. Econ. 37(2), 139–165 (2004)CrossRef Butler, M., Leone, A.J., Willenborg, M.: An empirical analysis of auditor reporting and its association with abnormal accruals. J. Account. Econ. 37(2), 139–165 (2004)CrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Lawrence, A., Minutti-Meza, M., Zhang, P.: Can Big 4 versus non-Big 4 differences in audit-quality proxies be attributed to client characteristics? Account. Rev. 86(1), 259–286 (2011)CrossRef Lawrence, A., Minutti-Meza, M., Zhang, P.: Can Big 4 versus non-Big 4 differences in audit-quality proxies be attributed to client characteristics? Account. Rev. 86(1), 259–286 (2011)CrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Shipman, J.E., Swanquist, Q.T., Whited, R.L.: Propensity score matching in accounting research. Account. Rev. 92(1), 213–244 (2016)CrossRef Shipman, J.E., Swanquist, Q.T., Whited, R.L.: Propensity score matching in accounting research. Account. Rev. 92(1), 213–244 (2016)CrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat White, H.: A heteroskedasticity-consistent covariance matrix estimator and a direct test for heteroskedasticity. Econometrica: J. Economet. Soc. 817–38 (1980) White, H.: A heteroskedasticity-consistent covariance matrix estimator and a direct test for heteroskedasticity. Econometrica: J. Economet. Soc. 817–38 (1980)
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Kothari, S.P., Leone, A.J., Wasley, C.E.: Performance matched discretionary accrual measures. J. Account. Econ. 39(1), 163–197 (2005) Kothari, S.P., Leone, A.J., Wasley, C.E.: Performance matched discretionary accrual measures. J. Account. Econ. 39(1), 163–197 (2005)
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Dechow, P.M., Dichev, I.D.: The quality of accruals and earnings: The role of accrual estimation errors. Account. Rev. 77(s–1), 35–59 (2002) Dechow, P.M., Dichev, I.D.: The quality of accruals and earnings: The role of accrual estimation errors. Account. Rev. 77(s–1), 35–59 (2002)
Metadaten
Titel
The Choice Between Accrual and Real Manipulation Around Information Uncertainty
verfasst von
Thi Thu Ha Nguyen
Salma Ibrahim
Copyright-Jahr
2024
Verlag
Springer Nature Singapore
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8472-5_2

Premium Partner