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2024 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

3. Calvo is Back! Changing Sovereignty and Evolutionary Investment Law in a Leaving and Return of the State Paradigm

verfasst von : Wei Shen, Shuo Feng

Erschienen in: International Investment Law at the Juncture

Verlag: Springer Nature Singapore

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Excerpt

Following the structural transformation of the global economic development model along with global economic liberalization, transnational investment has turned into a vital driving force accelerating the pace of economic globalization. As the trend of de-globalization unfolds, however, the modern international investment law regime is currently undergoing structural changes and has increasingly drawn global attention. Unlike other transnational economic activities such as international trade, international investment not merely concerns the private interests of investors but relates to the economic interests of capital importing and exporting states. Hence, the modern international investment law regime premised on international investment agreements (IIAs) has its main content developed and evolving on the basis of the triangular relationship among host states, home states, and investors and the dual dimensions of public–private. The institutional development and structural constraints of the entire investment governance regime essentially cannot be separated from the dynamic balance among the interests of the three players and the private–public dimensions.1

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Fußnoten
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Shan (2007).
 
2
Sornarajah (2015).
 
3
Alvarez (2011).
 
4
Id.
 
5
See generally Strange (1996).
 
6
A. Cassese, State: Rise and Decline of the Primary Subjects of the International Law, in The Oxford Handbook of The History of International Law 51 (B. Fassbender & A. Peters, eds., 2012).
 
7
de Vattel (2008).
 
8
Roxburgh (2005).
 
9
Sucharitku (1996).
 
10
Carbonneau and Mourra (2008).
 
11
Shihata (1986a).
 
12
Shea (1955).
 
13
CMS Gas Transmission Company v. Republic of Argentina, ICSID Case No. ARB/01/8, Decision on Jurisdiction, 45 (July 17, 2003), 7 ICSID Rep.17 (2007).
 
14
Higgins (1999).
 
15
El-Hosseny (2017).
 
16
Puig (2013).
 
17
Sornarajah (2010).
 
18
Id.
 
19
Alvarez, supra note 3, at 231–2.
 
20
Del Duca (2003).
 
21
Hackworth (1942).
 
22
Id.
 
23
Alvarez, supra note 3, at 231–2.
 
24
Popova (2007).
 
25
J. Salacuse, The Law of Investment TREATIES 358–9 (2010).
 
26
Shihata (1986b).
 
27
Gilbert (2018).
 
28
Alvarez (2009).
 
29
Declaration on the Establishment of a New International Economic Order, G.A. Res. 3201, (VI) U.N. GAOR, 29th Sess., Supp. No.1, U.N. Doc. A/Res/3201(VI) (May 1, 1974).
 
30
Barker (2006).
 
31
ICSID Convention art. 26.
 
32
Id. art. 42.
 
33
Thaliath (2016).
 
34
Gomez (2011).
 
35
Franck (2011).
 
36
Cu (2020).
 
37
Lowe (2002).
 
38
Reisman and Arsanjani (2015).
 
39
ICSID, Documents concerning the Origin and Formulation of the Convention 1968, 39.
 
40
Gaillard and Banifatem (2003).
 
41
Wena Hotels Ltd. (2002).
 
42
ADC Affiliate Limited and ADC & ADMC Management Limited v. The Republic of Hungary, ICSID Case No. ARB/03/16, Award, Oct. 2, 2006, 288–293, https://​www.​italaw.​com/​sites/​default/​files/​case-documents/​ita0006.​pdf.
 
43
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44
Chen (2010).
 
45
The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, adopted and opened for signature on May 23, 1969, entered into force January 27, 1980 (1155 U.N.T.S. 331) was acceded to by Kazakhstan on January 5, 1994 and by Uzbekistan on July 12, 1995.
 
46
Pavel Borissov, Aibar Burkitbayev, Almas Chukin and others v. Republic of Uzbekistan, ICSID Case No. ARB/13/6, Decision on Jurisdiction, Mar. 8, 2017, 413, 541, https://​www.​italaw.​com/​sites/​default/​files/​case-documents/​italaw8549.​pdf.
 
47
Pavel Borissov, Aibar Burkitbayev, Almas Chukin and others v. Republic of Uzbekistan, ICSID Case No.ARB/13/6, Partial Dissenting Opinion Professor Philippe Sands, Mar. 8, 2017, 10, https://​www.​italaw.​com/​sites/​default/​files/​case-documents/​italaw8549.​pdf.
 
48
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49
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50
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51
Karamanian (2011).
 
52
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53
UNCTAD statistics show that Argentina has been indicted 62 times in ICSID, ranking first in ICSID, https://​investmentpolicy​.​unctad.​org/​investment-dispute-settlement?​id=​8&​name=​argentina&​role=​respondent.
 
54
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55
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56
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57
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58
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59
In 2008, Ecuador terminated nine BITs—with Cuba, the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Romania and Uruguay, https://​www.​iisd.​org/​itn/​2017/​06/​12/​ecuador-denounces-its-remaining-16-bits-and-publishes-caitisa-audit-report.
 
60
Kownacki (2010).
 
61
Shan (2007).
 
63
Cremades (2006).
 
64
By the end of January 2019, India, Brazil and South Africa had not joined ICSID. See ICSID, About ICSID: Member States, https://​icsid.​worldbank.​org/​en/​Pages/​about/​Member-States.​aspx.
 
65
Rolland (2017a).
 
66
Shihata (1986c).
 
67
2016 Model Text for the Indian Bilateral Investment Treaty, art. 15.1, 15.2, 15.4 & 15.5.
 
68
Id. art. 13.5.
 
69
Delaume (1983).
 
71
See Brady-Lighthizer ISDS Exchange, International Economic Law and Policy Blog, Mar. 21, 2018, https://​worldtradelaw.​typepad.​com/​ielpblog/​2018/​03/​brady-lighthizer-isds-exchange.​html.
 
72
Id.
 
73
Roberts (2013).
 
74
Gaukrodger and Gordon (2012).
 
75
UNCITRAL, Possible Reform of Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) Submission from the EU, U.N. Doc. A/CN.9/WG.III/WP.145 (Dec. 12, 2017) at 7–12, https://​documents-dds-ny.​un.​org/​doc/​UNDOC/​LTD/​V17/​088/​32/​PDF/​V1708832.​pdf?​OpenElement.
 
76
Malmstrom (2015).
 
77
EU Parliament, TTIP: Ease Access to US Market, Protect EU Standards, Reform Dispute Settlement, July 8, 2015, http://​documents.​nam.​org/​IEA/​EU%20​Parliament%20​Press%20​release%20​July%20​2015.​pdf.
 
78
Id.
 
79
Id.
 
80
Id.
 
81
Matveev (2015).
 
82
Puig and Strezhnev (2017).
 
83
Trakman (2013).
 
84
Shan, Supra note 1, at 632.
 
85
Odumosu (2007).
 
86
ID.
 
88
Sauvant et al. (2009).
 
90
UNCTAD, National Security-related Screening Mechanisms for Foreign Investment an Analysis of Recent Policy Developments, Investment Policy Monitor (Dec. 2019), https://​unctad.​org/​en/​PublicationsLibr​ary/​diaepcbinf2019d7​_​en.​pdf.
 
92
Id. at 83–5.
 
93
Jalinous et al. (2017).
 
94
Remarks by President Trump at a Roundtable on the Foreign Investment Risk Review Modernization Act (FIRRMA), Aug. 23, 2018, https://​www.​whitehouse.​gov/​briefings-statements/​remarks-president-trump-roundtable-foreign-investment-risk-review-modernization-act-firrma.
 
95
J. Shields, Smart Machines and Smarter Policy: Foreign Investment Regulation, National Security, and Technology Transfer in the Age of Artificial Intelligence, 51 J. Marshall L. Rev. 286–7 (2018).
 
96
Jalinous et al., Supra note 93.
 
97
Rand and Tankel (2015).
 
98
Jalinous et al., Supra note 93.
 
99
Directive (EU) 2016/1148 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 July 2016 concerning measures for a high common level of security of network and information systems across the Union, https://​eur-lex.​europa.​eu/​legal-content/​EN/​TXT/​PDF/​?​uri=​CELEX:​32016L1148&​rid=​1.
 
100
Directive 94/22/EC of 30 May 1994 on the conditions for granting and using authorization for the prospection, exploration and production of hydrocarbons, https://​eur-lex.​europa.​eu/​legal-content/​EN/​TXT/​PDF/​?​uri=​CELEX:​31994L0022&​from=​EN.
 
103
EU Commission, Welcoming Foreign Direct Investment while Protecting Essential Interests, COM (2017) 494 final, at 5, https://​eur-lex.​europa.​eu/​legal-content/​EN/​TXT/​?​uri=​CELEX%3A52017DC0494.
 
104
Id.
 
105
Fei and Li (2020).
 
107
Id. at 107–15.
 
108
Titi (2015).
 
109
Id.
 
110
Kantor (2004).
 
111
2004 Model BIT, arts. 12 & 13.
 
112
Gagné and Morin (2006).
 
113
Shen (2018).
 
114
CPTPP arts. 9.2, 9.10, 9.16 & annex 9-B.
 
115
Desierto (2018).
 
117
Tita (2010).
 
118
Titi (2015).
 
119
Rolland (2017b).
 
120
See generally Arendt (1973).
 
121
Subedi (2008).
 
122
Salacuse (1990).
 
123
Dongxiao and Yu (2017).
 
124
Bjorklund (2004).
 
125
J. Commission, The Global Financial Crisis and International Investment Regimes 104 Am. Soc’y Int’’l L. Proc. 444 (2010).
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Calvo is Back! Changing Sovereignty and Evolutionary Investment Law in a Leaving and Return of the State Paradigm
verfasst von
Wei Shen
Shuo Feng
Copyright-Jahr
2024
Verlag
Springer Nature Singapore
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-2183-2_3

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