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2024 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Civil Liability Regime on Autonomous-Driving Vehicle Accident in Korea

verfasst von : Jeung-Jun Park, Jun-Kyu Ahn

Erschienen in: Autonomous Vehicles and Civil Liability in a Global Perspective

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

With the recent legal discussions on autonomous-driving vehicles that are becoming more active, the amendment to the Motor Vehicle Accident Compensation Guarantee Act Compensation Act was promulgated on April 7, 2020 and took effect on October 8, 2020, governing the legal liability arising from traffic accident involving the SAE Level 3 AVs.

Based thereon, we will discuss on which concerned party is liable in case of a relevant vehicle accident, the underlying laws and regulations, relevant requirements, and the difference between the liabilities at each stage according to the SAE Level 0-5, mainly focusing on the differences from conventional legal liabilities in the case of SAE Level 3-5 AVs.

Thereby, we will briefly explain the concept of AVs under Korean law and the scenarios that assume legal liability, dividing them into (1) SAE Level 0-2 to deal with casualty/property damages by offenders and victims, (2) SAE Level 3 to understand where the liability for casualty damages of victims lies under the amended Compensation Act, and (3) SAE Level 4-5 to examine whether the liability under the amended Compensation Act will be applied as it is by referring to the current academic discussions.

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Article 3 (Liability for Damage Caused by Motor Vehicles)

Where any person who operates a motor vehicle for personal use has killed or injured another person by such operation, he/she shall be liable to compensate the damages therefrom: Provided, that the same shall not apply to any of the following cases.

3.1

In cases of the death or injury of any person other than a passenger, when it has been proven that the person who has operated the motor vehicle and the driver thereof were not negligent in its operation, that a victim or a third party, other than the person who has operated the motor vehicle and the driver thereof, commits an intentional or negligent act, and that there were no structural defects or functional disorders in the motor vehicle;

3.2

. In cases of the death or injury of a passenger, when the passenger has died or been injured due to his/her intentional act or suicidal act.

Lee and Hwang (2018), p. 11.

Operator’s liability under the Compensation Act is recognized for an “accident involving casualty damages,” civil liability for damages attributable to tort is applied to an “accident involving property damages.”

Article 3 (Product Liability)

6.1

A manufacturer shall compensate for damages to the life, body or property of a person caused by a defect of a product (excluding damages inflicted only to the relevant product).

(Omitted)

Lee and Hwang (2018), p. 13.

Supreme Court No. 98Da18506 rendered on January 18, 2000.

However, if the vehicle is an imported vehicle, since there is no direct contractual relationship between the manufacturer of the vehicle and the consumer, it will be difficult to hold the manufacturer liable. In practice, a vehicle dealer bears liability based on a warranty.

Seoul Central District Court No. 2008Gahap57857 rendered on May 8, 2009; Gwangju District Court No. 2010Gadan1048 rendered on September 7, 2010.

Lee and Hwang (2016), p. 93.

Park (2019), pp. 179–207: 190–191.

Article 4 (Liability for Damages and Purchase of Insurance)

13.1

A vehicle owner or a person entitled to use a vehicle and seeking to obtain a temporary operation permit on an AV for a test and research purpose (an “applicant for a temporary AV operation permit”) shall be liable for damages prescribed in Article 3 of the Compensation Act for any traffic accidents damages resulting from operating the relevant vehicle.

13.2

An applicant for a temporary AV operation permit must purchase an insurance policy prescribed in Articles 5(1) and 5(2) of the Compensation Act in order to appropriately cover damages resulting from a traffic accident.

However, there are comments that it is not clear which level of AVs is referred by Article 2-1(3) of the MVM Act that defines AVs and whether SAE Level 3 AVs are included [Lee (2019), pp. 1–26: 15].

Kwon and Lee (2016), pp. 482–483.

Seo and Choi (2017), p. 365.

Lee (2017), pp. 108–110.

Park (2019), pp. 179–207: 193–194.

Ibid., 187.

Seo and Choi (2017), p. 366.

http://www.opm.go.kr/opm/news/press-release.do?mode=view&articleNo=118993.

Ibid., 368.

Kwon and Lee (2016), pp. 469–477; Ryu (2016), pp. 62–63.

Kim (2015), p. 251.

Bill No. 2011832 was proposed by the Assemblyman Hee Hwang and others, but has been recently repealed.

Kim YK (2015) Legal issues concerning accidents during operation of autonomous vehicles and insurance coverage (자율주행 자동차의 운행 중 사고와 보험적용의 법적 쟁점). Legal Theory Pract. Korea Soc Legal Theory Pract 3(2):251

Kwon YJ, Lee SE (2016) Autonomous vehicle accidents and civil liability (자율주행자동차 사고와 민사책임). Civil Code Rev 75:469–477, 482–483

Lee BS (2019) Several legislative challenges surrounding concept of autonomous vehicle under the Motor Vehicle Management Act – in light of discussion on civil liability (자동차관리법상 이른바 ‘자율주행자동차’라는 것의 개념을 둘러싼 몇몇 입법과제 –민사책임 논의에 비추어-). Korean Law Legis Rev 56(1–26):15

Lee JK, Hwang CK (2016) Necessity to overhaul liability legislation and liability insurance system to prepare for operation of autonomous vehicles (자율주행자동차 운행에 대비한 책임법제와 책임보험업제의 정비 필요성). Financ Law Rev 13(1):93

Lee JK, Hwang CK (2018), Structure of Level 3 autonomous vehicle accidents and liability: focusing on uber autonomous vehicle accidents (3단계 자율주행차 사고와 책임의 구조: 우버 자율주행자동차 사고를 중심으로), Chung-Ang Law Rev 20(3):11: 13

Lee JS (2017) Improvement of the road traffic act for commercialization of level 3 autonomous vehicles (level 3의 자율주행자동차 상용화를 위한 도로교통법의 개선방안). Ajou Law Rev 11(1):108–110. Ajou University Law Research Institute

Park SM (2019) Study on interpretation of legal principles on civil liability for accidents in level 3 autonomous vehicles under autonomous driving mode (레벨3 자율주행자동차의 자율주행모드시 사고에 따른 민사상 책임법리의 해석에 대한 연구), Corp Law Rev 33(1):179–207, 190–191, 193–194

Ryu CH (2016), Study on application of product liability to autonomous vehicles (자율주행자동차에 대한 제조물책임의 적용에 관한 연구). Ajou Law Rev 10(1):62-63. Ajou University Law Research Institute

Seo KS, Choi KJ (2017) Civil law review on liability for damages for accidents involving autonomous vehicles (자율주행자동차 사고 시 손해배상책임에 관한 민사법적 검토). Gachon Law Rev 10(4):365–366

Supreme Court No. 98Da18506 rendered on January 18, 2000

Seoul Central District Court No. 2008Gahap57857 rendered on May 8, 2009

Gwangju District Court No. 2010Gadan1048 rendered on September 7, 2010

http://www.opm.go.kr/opm/news/press-release.do?mode=view&articleNo=118993

Titel: Civil Liability Regime on Autonomous-Driving Vehicle Accident in Korea
verfasst von: Jeung-Jun Park
Jun-Kyu Ahn
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Buch: Autonomous Vehicles and Civil Liability in a Global Perspective
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-41991-1

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-031-41992-8

Copyright-Jahr: 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41992-8_9

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