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Erschienen in:
Buchtitelbild

2024 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

1. Introduction

verfasst von : Judith Keller

Erschienen in: The US Housing Crisis

Verlag: Springer Nature Switzerland

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Abstract

This chapter begins by introducing the fate of two women who are housing insecure. Along those two personal stories, the main fault lines of the housing crisis are illustrated. People struggle with high cost burdens and inadequate housing conditions; they experience displacements and evictions, all while the real estate economy is booming. This discrepancy is then supported by facts and figures on the US housing market which illustrate the multifaceted character of the US housing crisis and subsequent housing insecurity. Building on this, the theoretical and methodological background is laid out. After a short literature review of geographical housing research, trust is introduced as an innovative approach to studying home and housing, allowing researchers to focus on the lived dimension of the housing crisis and to flesh out the human costs of housing insecurity. Finally, this chapter details the main goals of the book and outlines how the various chapters help support the main arguments and answer the research questions.

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Nächstes Kapitel Trust as a Spatial Concept for Urban Studies
Fußnoten
1
All names have been changed to protect my research participants’ privacy.
 
2
This is slang for landlord, usually used in reference to an absentee landlord, meaning the owner of multiple buildings, who attempts to maximize profits by buying up dilapidated housing stock without investing in renovations or building maintenance, yet charging disproportionate amounts of rent.
 
3
This value is a smoothed and seasonally adjusted measure of the typical home value in a given city/region and only includes the middle price tier of homes.
 
4
Although this book focuses on housing insecurity in US cities, it is important to note that the phenomena described here are more than just an outgrowth of housing market dynamics. The precarity on the housing market is also a result of how labor markets operate. Particularly the growing low-wage sector compounds housing insecurity, trapping people in inadequate housing, informal living arrangements, and relapsing homelessness.
 
5
Fair Market Rent (FMR) is defined by the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (2022) as the 40th percentile gross rent for standard quality units within a metropolitan area or non-metropolitan county. It determines rental assistance standards for each region or county.
 
6
This refers to households with incomes of < 50% of the area median income (AMI). The thresholds vary according to region and family size. Nationwide, this amounted to less than $32,250 in 2019, which is typically below the poverty line (US Department of Housing and Urban Development 2021).
 
7
Another, less relevant trend in the context of this work, is that of digital nomads. Similar to “workampers” they have exchanged their houses/apartments for vans or short-term rentals, yet these nomads choose the life on the road as a form of self-expression and adventure while working remotely in high paying jobs, having the financial security of a steady income and the chance to settle down and invest into real estate if they want to (see, e.g., de Loryn 2022).
 
8
In scholarship and social work, there is a debate on whether a person should be called homeless or houseless. The latter refers to the lack of a physical, “stick and brick home,” but allows for the possibility of having an emotional home, e.g., the place where one grew up, one’s chosen family of friends, or certain favorite foods that awake a feeling of home. Nevertheless, usually the term homeless is used, although suggesting not only the lack of a physical but also of an emotional home. It addresses the social dimension of homelessness, underlining the lack of community, while simultaneously pointing to the society which excludes its unhoused populations from the very concept of home and denies their home-making capacity (see, e.g., Borchard 2013; Kerman 2023; Marquardt 2016; Somerville 1992). For this reason, homelessness will be used throughout the book. 
 
9
This is not a new finding, but economists and sociologists as early as the nineteenth century made similar observations. US economist Henry George, for instance, called for a change in property laws and higher property taxes during his mayoral campaign in New York City in 1886. To this day, there are “Georgists” in the US who argue for a land-value tax to fix the housing market. One prominent example is Detroit mayor Mike Duggan. Seminal is also Friedrich Engels’ The Housing Question, in which he describes housing as the major battlefield of the working class against the bourgeoisie. These ideas are later taken on by many critical geographers, most prominently Henri Lefebvre and David Harvey, who will be introduced in the coming chapters.
 
10
For more information visit the homepage of the Heidelberg Center for American Studies, online at: https://​www.​hca.​uni-heidelberg.​de/​gkat/​index.​html
 
11
My fieldwork took place between 2018 and 2022, with a pandemic-related break in 2020. All interviews were conducted in 2018/19 and 2021/22 during lengthy research stays in the US. The housing survey took place in the fall and winter of 2021/22. For more information on my methodology, the methods used, my research participants and how I approached and worked with them see Appendix.
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Introduction
verfasst von
Judith Keller
Copyright-Jahr
2024
Buch
The US Housing Crisis

Print ISBN: 978-3-031-57757-4

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-031-57758-1

Copyright-Jahr: 2024

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-57758-1_1