Tailings as a Sustainable Resource in 3D Printed Concrete for the Mining Industry: A Literature Review

This paper explores the application of additive manufacturing (AM) technology, specifically 3D printed concrete, in the mining industry using tailings as a sustainable alternative to fine aggregate. AM offers benefits such as reduced waste, shorter construction times, and lower costs. By incorporating tailings in 3D printed concrete, environmental challenges associated with tailings disposal can be mitigated, while promoting resource efficiency. The study reviews the current state of AM technology and its implications for mining. Tailings, the waste fraction of mined materials, can be effectively utilized in concrete production. Various studies have shown that tailings can achieve comparable mechanical properties to conventional concrete with appropriate adjustments to the mixture. The inclusion of tailings in 3D printed concrete presents environmental advantages, reducing waste and greenhouse gas emissions associated with traditional concrete production. However, further research is needed to optimize the printing process, mixture compositions, and establish industry standards. A brief study on the chemical components present in copper tailings shows that is feasible to use tailings as replacement of aggregates and even a portion of cement, as it has similar components. Aswell as being safe to use with admixtures as there is not any chemical or mineral that may react when applied. By embracing AM technology and incorporating tailings, the mining industry can achieve environmental benefits, resource optimization, and promote sustainability. Continued advancements in AM technology will pave the way for the widespread adoption of 3D printed concrete with tailings, pushing the mining sector and contributing to a more sustainable future.